I had the same problem, the solution is as fellow: (by the way, you don't have to root your device.)
- Type "su" to switch to super user.
- your-path/adb kill-server.
- your-path/adb start-server.
- If no error occurs, you can see the device list with "your-path/adb devices" in root account.
- Quit super user.
- Now you can perform "adb devices" in your account.
Enjoy.