[c#] How do I make the return type of a method generic?

Is there a way to make this method generic so I can return a string, bool, int, or double? Right now, it's returning a string, but if it's able find "true" or "false" as the configuration value, I'd like to return a bool for example.

    public static string ConfigSetting(string settingName)
    {  
         return ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[settingName];
    }

You have to convert the type of your return value of the method to the Generic type which you pass to the method during calling.

    public static T values<T>()
    {
        Random random = new Random();
        int number = random.Next(1, 4);
        return (T)Convert.ChangeType(number, typeof(T));
    }

You need pass a type that is type casteable for the value you return through that method.

If you would want to return a value which is not type casteable to the generic type you pass, you might have to alter the code or make sure you pass a type that is casteable for the return value of method. So, this approach is not reccomended.

There are many ways of doing this(listed by priority, specific to the OP's problem)

1. Option 1: Straight approach - Create multiple functions for each type you expect rather than having one generic function.

   public static bool ConfigSettingInt(string settingName)
   {  
        return Convert.ToBoolean(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[settingName]);
   }
   

2. Option 2: When you don't want to use fancy methods of conversion - Cast the value to object and then to generic type.

   public static T ConfigSetting<T>(string settingName)
   {  
        return (T)(object)ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[settingName];
   }
   

   Note - This will throw an error if the cast is not valid(your case). I would not recommend doing this if you are not sure about the type casting, rather go for option 3.

3. Option 3: Generic with type safety - Create a generic function to handle type conversion.

   public static T ConvertValue<T,U>(U value) where U : IConvertible
   {
       return (T)Convert.ChangeType(value, typeof(T));
   } 
   

   Note - T is the expected type, note the where constraint here(type of U must be IConvertible to save us from the errors)

Please try below code :

public T? GetParsedOrDefaultValue<T>(string valueToParse) where T : struct, IComparable
{
 if(string.EmptyOrNull(valueToParse))return null;
  try
  {
     // return parsed value
     return (T) Convert.ChangeType(valueToParse, typeof(T));
  }
  catch(Exception)
  {
   //default as null value
   return null;
  }
 return null;
}

You could use Convert.ChangeType():

public static T ConfigSetting<T>(string settingName)
{
    return (T)Convert.ChangeType(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[settingName], typeof(T));
}

 private static T[] prepareArray<T>(T[] arrayToCopy, T value)
    {
        Array.Copy(arrayToCopy, 1, arrayToCopy, 0, arrayToCopy.Length - 1);
        arrayToCopy[arrayToCopy.Length - 1] = value;
        return (T[])arrayToCopy;
    }

I was performing this throughout my code and wanted a way to put it into a method. I wanted to share this here because I didn't have to use the Convert.ChangeType for my return value. This may not be a best practice but it worked for me. This method takes in an array of generic type and a value to add to the end of the array. The array is then copied with the first value stripped and the value taken into the method is added to the end of the array. The last thing is that I return the generic array.

Create a function and pass out put parameter as of generic type.

 public static T some_function<T>(T out_put_object /*declare as Output object*/)
    {
        return out_put_object;
    }