[python] What does 'super' do in Python?

I had played a bit with super(), and had recognized that we can change calling order.

For example, we have next hierarchy structure:

    A
   / \
  B   C
   \ /
    D

In this case MRO of D will be (only for Python 3):

In [26]: D.__mro__
Out[26]: (__main__.D, __main__.B, __main__.C, __main__.A, object)

Let's create a class where super() calls after method execution.

In [23]: class A(object): #  or with Python 3 can define class A:
...:     def __init__(self):
...:         print("I'm from A")
...:  
...: class B(A):
...:      def __init__(self):
...:          print("I'm from B")
...:          super().__init__()
...:   
...: class C(A):
...:      def __init__(self):
...:          print("I'm from C")
...:          super().__init__()
...:  
...: class D(B, C):
...:      def __init__(self):
...:          print("I'm from D")
...:          super().__init__()
...: d = D()
...:
I'm from D
I'm from B
I'm from C
I'm from A

    A
   / ?
  B ? C
   ? /
    D

So we can see that resolution order is same as in MRO. But when we call super() in the beginning of the method:

In [21]: class A(object):  # or class A:
...:     def __init__(self):
...:         print("I'm from A")
...:  
...: class B(A):
...:      def __init__(self):
...:          super().__init__()  # or super(B, self).__init_()
...:          print("I'm from B")
...:   
...: class C(A):
...:      def __init__(self):
...:          super().__init__()
...:          print("I'm from C")
...:  
...: class D(B, C):
...:      def __init__(self):
...:          super().__init__()
...:          print("I'm from D")
...: d = D()
...: 
I'm from A
I'm from C
I'm from B
I'm from D

We have a different order it is reversed a order of the MRO tuple.

    A
   / ?
  B ? C
   ? /
    D 

For additional reading I would recommend next answers:

  1. C3 linearization example with super (a large hierarchy)
  2. Important behavior changes between old and new style classes
  3. The Inside Story on New-Style Classes

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