Is there a replacement for unistd h for Windows Visual C

Question

I m porting a relatively simple console program written for Unix to the Windows platform  Visual C   8 0   All the source files include  unistd h   which doesn t exist   Removing it  I get complaints about misssing prototypes for  srandom    random   and  getopt   I know I can replace the random functions  and I m pretty sure I can find hack-up a getopt implementation     But I m sure others have run into the same challenge   My question is  is there a port of  unistd h  to Windows  At least one containg those functions which do have a native Windows implementation - I don t need pipes or forking   EDIT   I know I can create my very own  unistd h  which contains replacements for the things I need - especially in this case  since it is a limited set  But since it seems like a common problem  I was wondering if someone had done the work already for a bigger subset of the functionality   Switching to a different compiler or environment isn t possible at work - I m stuck with Visual Studio

User · Answer

I would recommend using mingw msys as a development environment  Especially if you are porting simple console programs  Msys implements a Unix-like shell on Windows  and mingw is a port of the GNU compiler collection  GCC  and other GNU build tools to the Windows platform  It is an open-source project  and well-suited to the task  I currently use it to build utility programs and console applications for Windows XP  and it most certainly has that unistd h header you are looking for   The install procedure can be a little bit tricky  but I found that the best place to start is in MSYS

User · Answer

Since we can t find a version on the Internet  let s start one here  Most ports to Windows probably only need a subset of the complete Unix file  Here s a starting point  Please add definitions as needed    ifndef  UNISTD H  define  UNISTD H    1     This is intended as a drop-in replacement for unistd h on Windows     Please add functionality as neeeded     https   stackoverflow com a 826027 1202830       include  lt stdlib h gt   include  lt io h gt   include  lt getopt h gt     getopt at  https   gist github com ashelly 7776712     include  lt process h gt     for getpid   and the exec     family     include  lt direct h gt     for  getcwd   and  chdir        define srandom srand  define random rand     Values for the second argument to access     These may be OR d together       define R OK    4          Test for read permission       define W OK    2          Test for write permission         define   X OK    1          execute permission - unsupported in windows    define F OK    0          Test for existence        define access  access  define dup2  dup2  define execve  execve  define ftruncate  chsize  define unlink  unlink  define fileno  fileno  define getcwd  getcwd  define chdir  chdir  define isatty  isatty  define lseek  lseek    read  write  and close are NOT being  defined here  because while there are file handle specific versions for Windows  they probably don t work for sockets  You need to look at your app and consider whether to call e g  closesocket         ifdef  WIN64  define ssize t   int64  else  define ssize t long  endif   define STDIN FILENO 0  define STDOUT FILENO 1  define STDERR FILENO 2    should be in some equivalent to  lt sys types h gt     typedef   int8            int8 t  typedef   int16           int16 t   typedef   int32           int32 t  typedef   int64           int64 t  typedef unsigned   int8   uint8 t  typedef unsigned   int16  uint16 t  typedef unsigned   int32  uint32 t  typedef unsigned   int64  uint64 t    endif    unistd h

User · Answer

No  IIRC there is no getopt   on Windows    Boost  however  has the program options library    which works okay  It will seem like overkill at first  but it isn t terrible  especially considering it can handle setting program options in configuration files and environment variables in addition to command line options

User · Answer

The equivalent of unistd h on Windows is windows h

User · Answer

No  IIRC there is no getopt   on Windows    Boost  however  has the program options library    which works okay  It will seem like overkill at first  but it isn t terrible  especially considering it can handle setting program options in configuration files and environment variables in addition to command line options

User · Answer

Try including the io h file  It seems to be the Visual Studio s equivalent of unistd h   I hope this helps

User · Answer

Create your own unistd h header and include the needed headers for function prototypes

User · Answer

Try including the io h file  It seems to be the Visual Studio s equivalent of unistd h   I hope this helps

User · Answer

I would recommend using mingw msys as a development environment  Especially if you are porting simple console programs  Msys implements a Unix-like shell on Windows  and mingw is a port of the GNU compiler collection  GCC  and other GNU build tools to the Windows platform  It is an open-source project  and well-suited to the task  I currently use it to build utility programs and console applications for Windows XP  and it most certainly has that unistd h header you are looking for   The install procedure can be a little bit tricky  but I found that the best place to start is in MSYS

User · Answer

I stumbled on this thread while trying to find a Windows alternative for getpid    defined in unistd h   It turns out that including process h does the trick  Maybe this helps people who find this thread in the future

User · Answer

I stumbled on this thread while trying to find a Windows alternative for getpid    defined in unistd h   It turns out that including process h does the trick  Maybe this helps people who find this thread in the future

User · Answer

Create your own unistd h header and include the needed headers for function prototypes

User · Answer

Create your own unistd h header and include the needed headers for function prototypes

User · Answer

Yes  there is  https   github com robinrowe libunistd  Clone the repository and add path to libunistd unistd to the INCLUDE environment variable

User · Answer

No  IIRC there is no getopt   on Windows    Boost  however  has the program options library    which works okay  It will seem like overkill at first  but it isn t terrible  especially considering it can handle setting program options in configuration files and environment variables in addition to command line options

User · Answer

No  IIRC there is no getopt   on Windows    Boost  however  has the program options library    which works okay  It will seem like overkill at first  but it isn t terrible  especially considering it can handle setting program options in configuration files and environment variables in addition to command line options

User · Answer

The equivalent of unistd h on Windows is windows h

User · Answer

MinGW 4 x has unistd h in  MinGW include   MinGW include sys and   MinGW lib gcc mingw32 4 6 2 include ssp  Here is the code for the MinGW version  by Rob Savoye  modified by Earnie Boyd  Danny Smith  Ramiro Polla  Gregory McGarry and Keith Marshall         unistd h       Standard header file declaring MinGW s POSIX compatibility features         Id  unistd h v c3ebd36f8211 2016 02 16 16 05 39 keithmarshall         Written by Rob Savoye  lt rob cygnus com gt     Modified by Earnie Boyd  lt earnie users sourceforge net gt       Danny Smith  lt dannysmith users sourceforge net gt       Ramiro Polla  lt ramiro lisha ufsc br gt       Gregory McGarry   lt gregorymcgarry users sourceforge net gt       Keith Marshall   lt keithmarshall users sourceforge net gt     Copyright  C  1997  1999  2002-2004  2007-2009  2014-2016       MinGW org Project           Permission is hereby granted  free of charge  to any person obtaining a    copy of this software and associated documentation files  the  Software       to deal in the Software without restriction  including without limitation    the rights to use  copy  modify  merge  publish  distribute  sublicense     and or sell copies of the Software  and to permit persons to whom the    Software is furnished to do so  subject to the following conditions        The above copyright notice  this permission notice  and the following    disclaimer shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of    the Software        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED  AS IS   WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND  EXPRESS    OR IMPLIED  INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT   IN NO EVENT SHALL    THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM  DAMAGES OR OTHER    LIABILITY  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT  TORT OR OTHERWISE  ARISING    FROM  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OF OR OTHER    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE          ifndef  UNISTD H  define  UNISTD H  1  pragma GCC system header     All MinGW headers MUST include  mingw h before anything else     to ensure proper initialization of feature test macros       include  lt  mingw h gt      unistd h maps  roughly  to Microsoft s  lt io h gt     Other headers included by  lt unistd h gt  may be selectively processed       UNISTD H SOURCED   enables such selective processing       define   UNISTD H SOURCED   1   include  lt io h gt   include  lt process h gt   include  lt getopt h gt      These are defined in stdio h   POSIX also requires that they    are to be consistently defined here  don t guard against prior    definitions  as this might conceal inconsistencies       define SEEK SET   0  define SEEK CUR   1  define SEEK END   2   if  POSIX C SOURCE    POSIX process thread suspension functions  all are supported by a    common MinGW API in libmingwex a  providing for suspension periods    ranging from mean values of  7 5 milliseconds   see the comments in     lt time h gt    extending up to a maximum of  136 years        Note that  whereas POSIX supports early wake-up of any suspended    process thread  in response to a signal  this implementation makes    no attempt to emulate this signalling behaviour   since signals are    not well supported by Windows   thus  unless impeded by an invalid    argument  this implementation always returns an indication as if    the sleeping period ran to completion       BEGIN C DECLS    cdecl   MINGW NOTHROW int   mingw sleep  unsigned long  unsigned long        The nanosleep   function provides the most general purpose API for    process thread suspension  it is declared in  lt time h gt    where it is    accompanied by an in-line implementation   rather than here  and it    provides for specification of suspension periods in the range from     7 5 ms mean   on WinNT derivatives   27 5 ms on Win9x   extending    up to  136 years   effectively eternity         The usleep   function  and its associated useconds t type specifier    were made obsolete in POSIX 1-2008  declared here  only for backward    compatibility  its continued use is not recommended    It is limited    to specification of suspension periods ranging from  7 5 ms mean up    to a maximum of 999 999 microseconds only       typedef unsigned long useconds t   MINGW ATTRIB DEPRECATED  int   cdecl   MINGW NOTHROW usleep  useconds t    MINGW ATTRIB DEPRECATED    ifndef   NO INLINE     CRT INLINE   LIBIMPL     FUNCTION   usleep    int usleep  useconds t period    return   mingw sleep  0  1000   period       endif     The sleep   function is  perhaps  the most commonly used of all the    process thread suspension APIs  it provides support for specification    of suspension periods ranging from 1 second to  136 years    However     POSIX recommends limiting the maximum period to 65535 seconds  to    maintain portability to platforms with only 16-bit ints       unsigned   cdecl   MINGW NOTHROW sleep  unsigned      ifndef   NO INLINE     CRT INLINE   LIBIMPL     FUNCTION   sleep    unsigned sleep  unsigned period    return   mingw sleep  period  0       endif      POSIX ftruncate   function        Microsoft s  chsize   function is incorrectly described  on MSDN     as a preferred replacement for the POSIX chsize   function   There    never was any such POSIX function  the actual POSIX equivalent is    the ftruncate   function      int   cdecl ftruncate  int  off t      ifndef   NO INLINE     CRT INLINE   JMPSTUB     FUNCTION   ftruncate  REMAPPED    chsize    int ftruncate  int   fd  off t   length    return  chsize    fd    length       endif   END C DECLS   endif     POSIX C SOURCE      undef   UNISTD H SOURCED    endif       UNISTD H   RCSfile  unistd h v    end of file      This file requires the inclusion of  mingw h  which is as follows    ifndef   MINGW H        mingw h       MinGW specific macros included by ALL mingwrt include files   this file    is part of the MinGW32 runtime library package          Id   mingw h in v 7daa0459f602 2016 05 03 17 40 54 keithmarshall         Written by Mumit Khan   lt khan xraylith wisc edu gt     Copyright  C  1999  2001-2011  2014-2016  MinGW org Project          Permission is hereby granted  free of charge  to any person obtaining a    copy of this software and associated documentation files  the  Software       to deal in the Software without restriction  including without limitation    the rights to use  copy  modify  merge  publish  distribute  sublicense     and or sell copies of the Software  and to permit persons to whom the    Software is furnished to do so  subject to the following conditions        The above copyright notice and this permission notice  including the next    paragraph  shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the    Software        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED  AS IS   WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND  EXPRESS OR    IMPLIED  INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM  DAMAGES OR OTHER    LIABILITY  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT  TORT OR OTHERWISE  ARISING    FROM  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE          define   MINGW H     In previous versions    MINGW32 VERSION was expressed as a dotted    numeric pair  representing major minor  unfortunately  this doesn t    adapt well to the inclusion of a patch-level component  since the    major minor patch dotted triplet representation is not valid as a    numeric entity   Thus  for this version  we adopt a representation    which encodes the version as a long integer value  expressing            MINGW32 VERSION   1 000 000   major   1 000   minor   patch       DO NOT EDIT these package version assignments manually  they are    derived from the package version specification within configure ac     whence they are propagated automatically  at package build time       define   MINGW32 VERSION           3022001L  define   MINGW32 MAJOR VERSION           3  define   MINGW32 MINOR VERSION          22  define   MINGW32 PATCHLEVEL              1   if   GNUC    gt   3  amp  amp    defined   PCC    pragma GCC system header  endif   ifndef  MSVCRTVER H    Legacy versions of mingwrt use the macro   MSVCRT VERSION   to    enable evolving features of different MSVCRT DLL versions   This    usage is no longer recommended  but the   MSVCRT VERSION   macro    remains useful when a non-freely distributable MSVCRxx DLL is to    be substituted for MSVCRT DLL  for such usage  the substitute    MSVCRxx DLL may be identified as specified in          include  lt msvcrtver h gt   endif     A better inference than   MSVCRT VERSION    of the capabilities    supported by the operating system default MSVCRT DLL  is provided    by the Windows API version identification macros       include  lt w32api h gt      The following are defined by the user  or by the compiler   to specify how    identifiers are imported from a DLL   All headers should include this first     and then use   DECLSPEC SUPPORTED to choose between the old     imp  name      style or the   MINGW IMPORT style for declarations          DECLSPEC SUPPORTED            Defined if dllimport attribute is supported       MINGW IMPORT                  The attribute definition to specify imported                                    variables functions      CRTIMP                         As above   For MS compatibility        Macros to enable MinGW features which deviate from standard MSVC    compatible behaviour  these may be specified directly in user code     activated implicitly   e g  by specifying  POSIX C SOURCE or such      or by inclusion in   MINGW FEATURES            USE MINGW ANSI STDIO          Select a more ANSI C99 compatible                                    implementation of printf   and friends                                      users should not set this directly         Other macros          int64                         define to be long long   Using a typedef                                    doesn t work for  unsigned   int64           Manifest definitions for flags to control globbing of the command line    during application start up   before main   is called    The first pair     when assigned as bit flags within  CRT glob  select the globbing algorithm    to be used   the MINGW algorithm overrides MSCVRT  if both are specified      Prior to mingwrt-3 21  only the MSVCRT option was supported  this choice    may produce different results  depending on which particular version of    MSVCRT DLL is in use   in recent versions  it seems to have become    definitively broken  when globbing within double quotes        define   CRT GLOB USE MSVCRT       0x0001     From mingwrt-3 21 onward  this should be the preferred choice  it will    produce consistent results  regardless of the MSVCRT DLL version in use       define   CRT GLOB USE MINGW        0x0002     When the   CRT GLOB USE MINGW   flag is set  within  CRT glob  the    following additional options are also available  they are not enabled    by default  but the user may elect to enable any combination of them     by setting  CRT glob to the boolean sum  i e  logical OR combination     of   CRT GLOB USE MINGW   and the desired options             CRT GLOB USE SINGLE QUOTE   allows use of single  apostrophe                          quoting characters  analogously to                         POSIX usage  as an alternative to                         double quotes  for collection of                         arguments separated by white space                         into a single logical argument             CRT GLOB BRACKET GROUPS     enable interpretation of bracketed                         character groups as POSIX compatible                         globbing patterns  matching any one                         character which is either included                         in  or excluded from the group             CRT GLOB CASE SENSITIVE     enable case sensitive matching for                         globbing patterns  this is default                         behaviour for POSIX  but because of                         the case insensitive nature of the                         MS-Windows file system  it is more                         appropriate to use case insensitive                         globbing as the MinGW default          define   CRT GLOB USE SINGLE QUOTE     0x0010  define   CRT GLOB BRACKET GROUPS   0x0020  define   CRT GLOB CASE SENSITIVE   0x0040     The MinGW globbing algorithm uses the ASCII DEL control code as a marker    for globbing characters which were embedded within quoted arguments   the    quotes are stripped away BEFORE the argument is globbed  the globbing code    treats the marked character as immutable  and strips out the DEL markers     before storing the resultant argument    The DEL code is mapped to this    function here  DO NOT change it  without rebuilding the runtime       define   CRT GLOB ESCAPE CHAR       char  127       Manifest definitions identifying the flag bits  controlling activation    of MinGW features  as specified by the user in   MINGW FEATURES         define   MINGW ANSI STDIO          0x0000000000000001ULL       The following three are not yet formally supported  they are    included here  to document anticipated future usage       define   MINGW LC EXTENSIONS       0x0000000000000050ULL  define   MINGW LC MESSAGES         0x0000000000000010ULL  define   MINGW LC ENVVARS          0x0000000000000040ULL      Try to avoid problems with outdated checks for GCC   attribute   support       undef   attribute     if defined    PCC       undef   DECLSPEC SUPPORTED   ifndef   MINGW IMPORT    define   MINGW IMPORT extern   endif   ifndef  CRTIMP    define  CRTIMP   endif   ifndef   cdecl    define   cdecl   Pragma  cdecl     endif   ifndef   stdcall    define   stdcall  Pragma  stdcall     endif   ifndef   int64    define   int64 long long   endif   ifndef   int32    define   int32 long   endif   ifndef   int16    define   int16 short   endif   ifndef   int8    define   int8 char   endif   ifndef   small    define   small char   endif   ifndef   hyper    define   hyper long long   endif   ifndef   volatile      define   volatile   volatile   endif   ifndef   restrict      define   restrict   restrict   endif   define NONAMELESSUNION  elif defined   GNUC      ifdef   declspec    ifndef   MINGW IMPORT       Note the extern  This is needed to work around GCC s       limitations in handling dllimport attribute          define   MINGW IMPORT  extern   attribute      dllimport        endif    ifndef  CRTIMP     ifdef   USE CRTIMP      define  CRTIMP    attribute    dllimport       else      define  CRTIMP     endif    endif    define   DECLSPEC SUPPORTED   else      declspec       undef   DECLSPEC SUPPORTED    undef   MINGW IMPORT    ifndef  CRTIMP     define  CRTIMP    endif   endif      declspec          The next two defines can cause problems if user code adds the      cdecl attribute like so     void   attribute       cdecl   foo void         ifndef   cdecl    define   cdecl    attribute      cdecl       endif   ifndef   stdcall    define   stdcall   attribute      stdcall       endif   ifndef   int64    define   int64 long long   endif   ifndef   int32    define   int32 long   endif   ifndef   int16    define   int16 short   endif   ifndef   int8    define   int8 char   endif   ifndef   small    define   small char   endif   ifndef   hyper    define   hyper long long   endif  else        GNUC    amp  amp      PCC        ifndef   MINGW IMPORT    define   MINGW IMPORT    declspec dllimport    endif   ifndef  CRTIMP    define  CRTIMP    declspec dllimport    endif   define   DECLSPEC SUPPORTED   define   attribute   x     nothing     endif   if defined    GNUC     amp  amp  defined    GNUC MINOR     define   MINGW GNUC PREREQ major  minor         GNUC    gt   major             GNUC       major   amp  amp    GNUC MINOR    gt    minor     else  define   MINGW GNUC PREREQ major  minor   0  endif   ifdef   cplusplus   define   CRT INLINE    inline  else   if   GNUC STDC INLINE      define   CRT INLINE   extern inline   attribute      gnu inline       else    define   CRT INLINE   extern   inline     endif  endif    ifdef   GNUC        A special form of   CRT INLINE is provided  it will ALWAYS request      inlining when possible   Originally specified as  CRTALIAS  this is      now deprecated in favour of   CRT ALIAS  for syntactic consistency      with   CRT INLINE itself           define   CRTALIAS     CRT INLINE   attribute      always inline        define   CRT ALIAS    CRT INLINE   attribute      always inline       else    define   CRTALIAS     CRT INLINE    deprecated form       define   CRT ALIAS    CRT INLINE    preferred form      endif       Each function which is implemented as a   CRT ALIAS should also be    accompanied by an externally visible interface   The following pair    of macros provide a mechanism for implementing this  either as a stub    redirecting to an alternative external function  or by compilation of    the normally inlined code into free standing object code  each macro    provides a way for us to offer arbitrary hints for use by the build    system  while remaining transparent to the compiler       define   JMPSTUB     BUILD HINT     define   LIBIMPL     BUILD HINT      ifdef   cplusplus   define   UNUSED PARAM x   else   ifdef   GNUC      define   UNUSED PARAM x  x   attribute      unused       else    define   UNUSED PARAM x  x   endif  endif   ifdef   GNUC    define   MINGW ATTRIB NORETURN   attribute      noreturn      define   MINGW ATTRIB CONST   attribute      const      else  define   MINGW ATTRIB NORETURN  define   MINGW ATTRIB CONST  endif   if   MINGW GNUC PREREQ  3  0   define   MINGW ATTRIB MALLOC   attribute      malloc      define   MINGW ATTRIB PURE   attribute      pure      else  define   MINGW ATTRIB MALLOC  define   MINGW ATTRIB PURE  endif     Attribute  nonnull  was valid as of gcc 3 3   We don t use GCC s    variadiac macro facility  because variadic macros cause syntax    errors with  --traditional-cpp       if    MINGW GNUC PREREQ  3  3   define   MINGW ATTRIB NONNULL arg    attribute      nonnull   arg     else  define   MINGW ATTRIB NONNULL arg   endif    GNUC  gt   3 3      if    MINGW GNUC PREREQ  3  1   define   MINGW ATTRIB DEPRECATED   attribute      deprecated      else  define   MINGW ATTRIB DEPRECATED  endif    GNUC  gt   3 1      if    MINGW GNUC PREREQ  3  3   define   MINGW NOTHROW   attribute      nothrow      else  define   MINGW NOTHROW  endif    GNUC  gt   3 3         TODO  Mark  almost  all CRT functions as   MINGW NOTHROW   This will allow GCC to optimize away some EH unwind code  at least in DW2 case          Activation of MinGW specific extended features       ifndef   USE MINGW ANSI STDIO    Users should not set this directly  rather  define one  or more     of the feature test macros  tabulated below   or specify any of the    compiler s command line options   e g  -posix  -ansi  or -std c         which cause  POSIX SOURCE  or   STRICT ANSI   to be defined        We must check this BEFORE we specifiy any implicit  POSIX C SOURCE     otherwise we would always implicitly choose   USE MINGW ANSI STDIO     even if none of these selectors are specified explicitly          if   defined   STRICT ANSI        defined  ISOC99 SOURCE          defined  POSIX SOURCE        defined  POSIX C SOURCE          defined  XOPEN SOURCE        defined  XOPEN SOURCE EXTENDED          defined  GNU SOURCE          defined  BSD SOURCE          defined  SVID SOURCE             but where any of these source code qualifiers are specified        then assume ANSI I O standards are preferred over Microsoft s              define   USE MINGW ANSI STDIO    1   else       otherwise use whatever   MINGW FEATURES   specifies              define   USE MINGW ANSI STDIO       MINGW FEATURES    amp    MINGW ANSI STDIO      endif  endif   ifndef  POSIX C SOURCE     Users may define this  either directly or indirectly  to explicitly     enable a particular level of visibility for the subset of those POSIX     features which are supported by MinGW   notice that this offers no     guarantee that any particular POSIX feature will be supported          if defined  XOPEN SOURCE      Specifying this is the preferred method for setting  POSIX C SOURCE        POSIX defines an explicit relationship to  XOPEN SOURCE    Note that      any such explicit setting will augment the set of features which are      available to any compilation unit  even if it seeks to be strictly      ANSI-C compliant           if  XOPEN SOURCE  lt  500     define  POSIX C SOURCE  1L         POSIX 1-1990   SUSv1        elif  XOPEN SOURCE  lt  600     define  POSIX C SOURCE  199506L    POSIX 1-1996   SUSv2        elif  XOPEN SOURCE  lt  700     define  POSIX C SOURCE  200112L    POSIX 1-2001   SUSv3        else     define  POSIX C SOURCE  200809L    POSIX 1-2008   SUSv4       endif    elif defined  GNU SOURCE    defined  BSD SOURCE      defined   STRICT ANSI             No explicit level of support has been specified  implicitly grant      the most comprehensive level to any compilation unit which requests      either GNU or BSD feature support  or does not seek to be strictly      ANSI-C compliant           define  POSIX C SOURCE  200809L    elif defined  POSIX SOURCE      Now formally deprecated by POSIX  some old code may specify this       it will enable a minimal level of POSIX support  in addition to the      limited feature set enabled for strict ANSI-C conformity           define  POSIX C SOURCE  1L   endif  endif   ifndef  ISOC99 SOURCE     libmingwex a provides free-standing implementations for many of the     functions which were introduced in C99  MinGW headers do not expose     prototypes for these  unless this feature test macro is defined  by     the user  or implied by other standards           if   STDC VERSION    gt   199901L     POSIX C SOURCE  gt   200112L    define  ISOC99 SOURCE  1   endif  endif   if   defined  MINGW32 SOURCE EXTENDED  amp  amp    defined   STRICT ANSI         Enable mingw32 extensions by default  except when   STRICT ANSI      conformity mode has been enabled        define  MINGW32 SOURCE EXTENDED  1  endif   endif      MINGW H   RCSfile   mingw h in v    end of file      The rest of the includes should be standard to your environment

User · Answer

Create your own unistd h header and include the needed headers for function prototypes

User · Answer

I would recommend using mingw msys as a development environment  Especially if you are porting simple console programs  Msys implements a Unix-like shell on Windows  and mingw is a port of the GNU compiler collection  GCC  and other GNU build tools to the Windows platform  It is an open-source project  and well-suited to the task  I currently use it to build utility programs and console applications for Windows XP  and it most certainly has that unistd h header you are looking for   The install procedure can be a little bit tricky  but I found that the best place to start is in MSYS

User · Answer

MinGW 4 x has unistd h in  MinGW include   MinGW include sys and   MinGW lib gcc mingw32 4 6 2 include ssp  Here is the code for the MinGW version  by Rob Savoye  modified by Earnie Boyd  Danny Smith  Ramiro Polla  Gregory McGarry and Keith Marshall         unistd h       Standard header file declaring MinGW s POSIX compatibility features         Id  unistd h v c3ebd36f8211 2016 02 16 16 05 39 keithmarshall         Written by Rob Savoye  lt rob cygnus com gt     Modified by Earnie Boyd  lt earnie users sourceforge net gt       Danny Smith  lt dannysmith users sourceforge net gt       Ramiro Polla  lt ramiro lisha ufsc br gt       Gregory McGarry   lt gregorymcgarry users sourceforge net gt       Keith Marshall   lt keithmarshall users sourceforge net gt     Copyright  C  1997  1999  2002-2004  2007-2009  2014-2016       MinGW org Project           Permission is hereby granted  free of charge  to any person obtaining a    copy of this software and associated documentation files  the  Software       to deal in the Software without restriction  including without limitation    the rights to use  copy  modify  merge  publish  distribute  sublicense     and or sell copies of the Software  and to permit persons to whom the    Software is furnished to do so  subject to the following conditions        The above copyright notice  this permission notice  and the following    disclaimer shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of    the Software        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED  AS IS   WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND  EXPRESS    OR IMPLIED  INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT   IN NO EVENT SHALL    THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM  DAMAGES OR OTHER    LIABILITY  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT  TORT OR OTHERWISE  ARISING    FROM  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OF OR OTHER    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE          ifndef  UNISTD H  define  UNISTD H  1  pragma GCC system header     All MinGW headers MUST include  mingw h before anything else     to ensure proper initialization of feature test macros       include  lt  mingw h gt      unistd h maps  roughly  to Microsoft s  lt io h gt     Other headers included by  lt unistd h gt  may be selectively processed       UNISTD H SOURCED   enables such selective processing       define   UNISTD H SOURCED   1   include  lt io h gt   include  lt process h gt   include  lt getopt h gt      These are defined in stdio h   POSIX also requires that they    are to be consistently defined here  don t guard against prior    definitions  as this might conceal inconsistencies       define SEEK SET   0  define SEEK CUR   1  define SEEK END   2   if  POSIX C SOURCE    POSIX process thread suspension functions  all are supported by a    common MinGW API in libmingwex a  providing for suspension periods    ranging from mean values of  7 5 milliseconds   see the comments in     lt time h gt    extending up to a maximum of  136 years        Note that  whereas POSIX supports early wake-up of any suspended    process thread  in response to a signal  this implementation makes    no attempt to emulate this signalling behaviour   since signals are    not well supported by Windows   thus  unless impeded by an invalid    argument  this implementation always returns an indication as if    the sleeping period ran to completion       BEGIN C DECLS    cdecl   MINGW NOTHROW int   mingw sleep  unsigned long  unsigned long        The nanosleep   function provides the most general purpose API for    process thread suspension  it is declared in  lt time h gt    where it is    accompanied by an in-line implementation   rather than here  and it    provides for specification of suspension periods in the range from     7 5 ms mean   on WinNT derivatives   27 5 ms on Win9x   extending    up to  136 years   effectively eternity         The usleep   function  and its associated useconds t type specifier    were made obsolete in POSIX 1-2008  declared here  only for backward    compatibility  its continued use is not recommended    It is limited    to specification of suspension periods ranging from  7 5 ms mean up    to a maximum of 999 999 microseconds only       typedef unsigned long useconds t   MINGW ATTRIB DEPRECATED  int   cdecl   MINGW NOTHROW usleep  useconds t    MINGW ATTRIB DEPRECATED    ifndef   NO INLINE     CRT INLINE   LIBIMPL     FUNCTION   usleep    int usleep  useconds t period    return   mingw sleep  0  1000   period       endif     The sleep   function is  perhaps  the most commonly used of all the    process thread suspension APIs  it provides support for specification    of suspension periods ranging from 1 second to  136 years    However     POSIX recommends limiting the maximum period to 65535 seconds  to    maintain portability to platforms with only 16-bit ints       unsigned   cdecl   MINGW NOTHROW sleep  unsigned      ifndef   NO INLINE     CRT INLINE   LIBIMPL     FUNCTION   sleep    unsigned sleep  unsigned period    return   mingw sleep  period  0       endif      POSIX ftruncate   function        Microsoft s  chsize   function is incorrectly described  on MSDN     as a preferred replacement for the POSIX chsize   function   There    never was any such POSIX function  the actual POSIX equivalent is    the ftruncate   function      int   cdecl ftruncate  int  off t      ifndef   NO INLINE     CRT INLINE   JMPSTUB     FUNCTION   ftruncate  REMAPPED    chsize    int ftruncate  int   fd  off t   length    return  chsize    fd    length       endif   END C DECLS   endif     POSIX C SOURCE      undef   UNISTD H SOURCED    endif       UNISTD H   RCSfile  unistd h v    end of file      This file requires the inclusion of  mingw h  which is as follows    ifndef   MINGW H        mingw h       MinGW specific macros included by ALL mingwrt include files   this file    is part of the MinGW32 runtime library package          Id   mingw h in v 7daa0459f602 2016 05 03 17 40 54 keithmarshall         Written by Mumit Khan   lt khan xraylith wisc edu gt     Copyright  C  1999  2001-2011  2014-2016  MinGW org Project          Permission is hereby granted  free of charge  to any person obtaining a    copy of this software and associated documentation files  the  Software       to deal in the Software without restriction  including without limitation    the rights to use  copy  modify  merge  publish  distribute  sublicense     and or sell copies of the Software  and to permit persons to whom the    Software is furnished to do so  subject to the following conditions        The above copyright notice and this permission notice  including the next    paragraph  shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the    Software        THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED  AS IS   WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND  EXPRESS OR    IMPLIED  INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM  DAMAGES OR OTHER    LIABILITY  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT  TORT OR OTHERWISE  ARISING    FROM  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE          define   MINGW H     In previous versions    MINGW32 VERSION was expressed as a dotted    numeric pair  representing major minor  unfortunately  this doesn t    adapt well to the inclusion of a patch-level component  since the    major minor patch dotted triplet representation is not valid as a    numeric entity   Thus  for this version  we adopt a representation    which encodes the version as a long integer value  expressing            MINGW32 VERSION   1 000 000   major   1 000   minor   patch       DO NOT EDIT these package version assignments manually  they are    derived from the package version specification within configure ac     whence they are propagated automatically  at package build time       define   MINGW32 VERSION           3022001L  define   MINGW32 MAJOR VERSION           3  define   MINGW32 MINOR VERSION          22  define   MINGW32 PATCHLEVEL              1   if   GNUC    gt   3  amp  amp    defined   PCC    pragma GCC system header  endif   ifndef  MSVCRTVER H    Legacy versions of mingwrt use the macro   MSVCRT VERSION   to    enable evolving features of different MSVCRT DLL versions   This    usage is no longer recommended  but the   MSVCRT VERSION   macro    remains useful when a non-freely distributable MSVCRxx DLL is to    be substituted for MSVCRT DLL  for such usage  the substitute    MSVCRxx DLL may be identified as specified in          include  lt msvcrtver h gt   endif     A better inference than   MSVCRT VERSION    of the capabilities    supported by the operating system default MSVCRT DLL  is provided    by the Windows API version identification macros       include  lt w32api h gt      The following are defined by the user  or by the compiler   to specify how    identifiers are imported from a DLL   All headers should include this first     and then use   DECLSPEC SUPPORTED to choose between the old     imp  name      style or the   MINGW IMPORT style for declarations          DECLSPEC SUPPORTED            Defined if dllimport attribute is supported       MINGW IMPORT                  The attribute definition to specify imported                                    variables functions      CRTIMP                         As above   For MS compatibility        Macros to enable MinGW features which deviate from standard MSVC    compatible behaviour  these may be specified directly in user code     activated implicitly   e g  by specifying  POSIX C SOURCE or such      or by inclusion in   MINGW FEATURES            USE MINGW ANSI STDIO          Select a more ANSI C99 compatible                                    implementation of printf   and friends                                      users should not set this directly         Other macros          int64                         define to be long long   Using a typedef                                    doesn t work for  unsigned   int64           Manifest definitions for flags to control globbing of the command line    during application start up   before main   is called    The first pair     when assigned as bit flags within  CRT glob  select the globbing algorithm    to be used   the MINGW algorithm overrides MSCVRT  if both are specified      Prior to mingwrt-3 21  only the MSVCRT option was supported  this choice    may produce different results  depending on which particular version of    MSVCRT DLL is in use   in recent versions  it seems to have become    definitively broken  when globbing within double quotes        define   CRT GLOB USE MSVCRT       0x0001     From mingwrt-3 21 onward  this should be the preferred choice  it will    produce consistent results  regardless of the MSVCRT DLL version in use       define   CRT GLOB USE MINGW        0x0002     When the   CRT GLOB USE MINGW   flag is set  within  CRT glob  the    following additional options are also available  they are not enabled    by default  but the user may elect to enable any combination of them     by setting  CRT glob to the boolean sum  i e  logical OR combination     of   CRT GLOB USE MINGW   and the desired options             CRT GLOB USE SINGLE QUOTE   allows use of single  apostrophe                          quoting characters  analogously to                         POSIX usage  as an alternative to                         double quotes  for collection of                         arguments separated by white space                         into a single logical argument             CRT GLOB BRACKET GROUPS     enable interpretation of bracketed                         character groups as POSIX compatible                         globbing patterns  matching any one                         character which is either included                         in  or excluded from the group             CRT GLOB CASE SENSITIVE     enable case sensitive matching for                         globbing patterns  this is default                         behaviour for POSIX  but because of                         the case insensitive nature of the                         MS-Windows file system  it is more                         appropriate to use case insensitive                         globbing as the MinGW default          define   CRT GLOB USE SINGLE QUOTE     0x0010  define   CRT GLOB BRACKET GROUPS   0x0020  define   CRT GLOB CASE SENSITIVE   0x0040     The MinGW globbing algorithm uses the ASCII DEL control code as a marker    for globbing characters which were embedded within quoted arguments   the    quotes are stripped away BEFORE the argument is globbed  the globbing code    treats the marked character as immutable  and strips out the DEL markers     before storing the resultant argument    The DEL code is mapped to this    function here  DO NOT change it  without rebuilding the runtime       define   CRT GLOB ESCAPE CHAR       char  127       Manifest definitions identifying the flag bits  controlling activation    of MinGW features  as specified by the user in   MINGW FEATURES         define   MINGW ANSI STDIO          0x0000000000000001ULL       The following three are not yet formally supported  they are    included here  to document anticipated future usage       define   MINGW LC EXTENSIONS       0x0000000000000050ULL  define   MINGW LC MESSAGES         0x0000000000000010ULL  define   MINGW LC ENVVARS          0x0000000000000040ULL      Try to avoid problems with outdated checks for GCC   attribute   support       undef   attribute     if defined    PCC       undef   DECLSPEC SUPPORTED   ifndef   MINGW IMPORT    define   MINGW IMPORT extern   endif   ifndef  CRTIMP    define  CRTIMP   endif   ifndef   cdecl    define   cdecl   Pragma  cdecl     endif   ifndef   stdcall    define   stdcall  Pragma  stdcall     endif   ifndef   int64    define   int64 long long   endif   ifndef   int32    define   int32 long   endif   ifndef   int16    define   int16 short   endif   ifndef   int8    define   int8 char   endif   ifndef   small    define   small char   endif   ifndef   hyper    define   hyper long long   endif   ifndef   volatile      define   volatile   volatile   endif   ifndef   restrict      define   restrict   restrict   endif   define NONAMELESSUNION  elif defined   GNUC      ifdef   declspec    ifndef   MINGW IMPORT       Note the extern  This is needed to work around GCC s       limitations in handling dllimport attribute          define   MINGW IMPORT  extern   attribute      dllimport        endif    ifndef  CRTIMP     ifdef   USE CRTIMP      define  CRTIMP    attribute    dllimport       else      define  CRTIMP     endif    endif    define   DECLSPEC SUPPORTED   else      declspec       undef   DECLSPEC SUPPORTED    undef   MINGW IMPORT    ifndef  CRTIMP     define  CRTIMP    endif   endif      declspec          The next two defines can cause problems if user code adds the      cdecl attribute like so     void   attribute       cdecl   foo void         ifndef   cdecl    define   cdecl    attribute      cdecl       endif   ifndef   stdcall    define   stdcall   attribute      stdcall       endif   ifndef   int64    define   int64 long long   endif   ifndef   int32    define   int32 long   endif   ifndef   int16    define   int16 short   endif   ifndef   int8    define   int8 char   endif   ifndef   small    define   small char   endif   ifndef   hyper    define   hyper long long   endif  else        GNUC    amp  amp      PCC        ifndef   MINGW IMPORT    define   MINGW IMPORT    declspec dllimport    endif   ifndef  CRTIMP    define  CRTIMP    declspec dllimport    endif   define   DECLSPEC SUPPORTED   define   attribute   x     nothing     endif   if defined    GNUC     amp  amp  defined    GNUC MINOR     define   MINGW GNUC PREREQ major  minor         GNUC    gt   major             GNUC       major   amp  amp    GNUC MINOR    gt    minor     else  define   MINGW GNUC PREREQ major  minor   0  endif   ifdef   cplusplus   define   CRT INLINE    inline  else   if   GNUC STDC INLINE      define   CRT INLINE   extern inline   attribute      gnu inline       else    define   CRT INLINE   extern   inline     endif  endif    ifdef   GNUC        A special form of   CRT INLINE is provided  it will ALWAYS request      inlining when possible   Originally specified as  CRTALIAS  this is      now deprecated in favour of   CRT ALIAS  for syntactic consistency      with   CRT INLINE itself           define   CRTALIAS     CRT INLINE   attribute      always inline        define   CRT ALIAS    CRT INLINE   attribute      always inline       else    define   CRTALIAS     CRT INLINE    deprecated form       define   CRT ALIAS    CRT INLINE    preferred form      endif       Each function which is implemented as a   CRT ALIAS should also be    accompanied by an externally visible interface   The following pair    of macros provide a mechanism for implementing this  either as a stub    redirecting to an alternative external function  or by compilation of    the normally inlined code into free standing object code  each macro    provides a way for us to offer arbitrary hints for use by the build    system  while remaining transparent to the compiler       define   JMPSTUB     BUILD HINT     define   LIBIMPL     BUILD HINT      ifdef   cplusplus   define   UNUSED PARAM x   else   ifdef   GNUC      define   UNUSED PARAM x  x   attribute      unused       else    define   UNUSED PARAM x  x   endif  endif   ifdef   GNUC    define   MINGW ATTRIB NORETURN   attribute      noreturn      define   MINGW ATTRIB CONST   attribute      const      else  define   MINGW ATTRIB NORETURN  define   MINGW ATTRIB CONST  endif   if   MINGW GNUC PREREQ  3  0   define   MINGW ATTRIB MALLOC   attribute      malloc      define   MINGW ATTRIB PURE   attribute      pure      else  define   MINGW ATTRIB MALLOC  define   MINGW ATTRIB PURE  endif     Attribute  nonnull  was valid as of gcc 3 3   We don t use GCC s    variadiac macro facility  because variadic macros cause syntax    errors with  --traditional-cpp       if    MINGW GNUC PREREQ  3  3   define   MINGW ATTRIB NONNULL arg    attribute      nonnull   arg     else  define   MINGW ATTRIB NONNULL arg   endif    GNUC  gt   3 3      if    MINGW GNUC PREREQ  3  1   define   MINGW ATTRIB DEPRECATED   attribute      deprecated      else  define   MINGW ATTRIB DEPRECATED  endif    GNUC  gt   3 1      if    MINGW GNUC PREREQ  3  3   define   MINGW NOTHROW   attribute      nothrow      else  define   MINGW NOTHROW  endif    GNUC  gt   3 3         TODO  Mark  almost  all CRT functions as   MINGW NOTHROW   This will allow GCC to optimize away some EH unwind code  at least in DW2 case          Activation of MinGW specific extended features       ifndef   USE MINGW ANSI STDIO    Users should not set this directly  rather  define one  or more     of the feature test macros  tabulated below   or specify any of the    compiler s command line options   e g  -posix  -ansi  or -std c         which cause  POSIX SOURCE  or   STRICT ANSI   to be defined        We must check this BEFORE we specifiy any implicit  POSIX C SOURCE     otherwise we would always implicitly choose   USE MINGW ANSI STDIO     even if none of these selectors are specified explicitly          if   defined   STRICT ANSI        defined  ISOC99 SOURCE          defined  POSIX SOURCE        defined  POSIX C SOURCE          defined  XOPEN SOURCE        defined  XOPEN SOURCE EXTENDED          defined  GNU SOURCE          defined  BSD SOURCE          defined  SVID SOURCE             but where any of these source code qualifiers are specified        then assume ANSI I O standards are preferred over Microsoft s              define   USE MINGW ANSI STDIO    1   else       otherwise use whatever   MINGW FEATURES   specifies              define   USE MINGW ANSI STDIO       MINGW FEATURES    amp    MINGW ANSI STDIO      endif  endif   ifndef  POSIX C SOURCE     Users may define this  either directly or indirectly  to explicitly     enable a particular level of visibility for the subset of those POSIX     features which are supported by MinGW   notice that this offers no     guarantee that any particular POSIX feature will be supported          if defined  XOPEN SOURCE      Specifying this is the preferred method for setting  POSIX C SOURCE        POSIX defines an explicit relationship to  XOPEN SOURCE    Note that      any such explicit setting will augment the set of features which are      available to any compilation unit  even if it seeks to be strictly      ANSI-C compliant           if  XOPEN SOURCE  lt  500     define  POSIX C SOURCE  1L         POSIX 1-1990   SUSv1        elif  XOPEN SOURCE  lt  600     define  POSIX C SOURCE  199506L    POSIX 1-1996   SUSv2        elif  XOPEN SOURCE  lt  700     define  POSIX C SOURCE  200112L    POSIX 1-2001   SUSv3        else     define  POSIX C SOURCE  200809L    POSIX 1-2008   SUSv4       endif    elif defined  GNU SOURCE    defined  BSD SOURCE      defined   STRICT ANSI             No explicit level of support has been specified  implicitly grant      the most comprehensive level to any compilation unit which requests      either GNU or BSD feature support  or does not seek to be strictly      ANSI-C compliant           define  POSIX C SOURCE  200809L    elif defined  POSIX SOURCE      Now formally deprecated by POSIX  some old code may specify this       it will enable a minimal level of POSIX support  in addition to the      limited feature set enabled for strict ANSI-C conformity           define  POSIX C SOURCE  1L   endif  endif   ifndef  ISOC99 SOURCE     libmingwex a provides free-standing implementations for many of the     functions which were introduced in C99  MinGW headers do not expose     prototypes for these  unless this feature test macro is defined  by     the user  or implied by other standards           if   STDC VERSION    gt   199901L     POSIX C SOURCE  gt   200112L    define  ISOC99 SOURCE  1   endif  endif   if   defined  MINGW32 SOURCE EXTENDED  amp  amp    defined   STRICT ANSI         Enable mingw32 extensions by default  except when   STRICT ANSI      conformity mode has been enabled        define  MINGW32 SOURCE EXTENDED  1  endif   endif      MINGW H   RCSfile   mingw h in v    end of file      The rest of the includes should be standard to your environment

User · Answer

Yes  there is  https   github com robinrowe libunistd  Clone the repository and add path to libunistd unistd to the INCLUDE environment variable

User · Answer

I would recommend using mingw msys as a development environment  Especially if you are porting simple console programs  Msys implements a Unix-like shell on Windows  and mingw is a port of the GNU compiler collection  GCC  and other GNU build tools to the Windows platform  It is an open-source project  and well-suited to the task  I currently use it to build utility programs and console applications for Windows XP  and it most certainly has that unistd h header you are looking for   The install procedure can be a little bit tricky  but I found that the best place to start is in MSYS

User · Answer

Since we can t find a version on the Internet  let s start one here  Most ports to Windows probably only need a subset of the complete Unix file  Here s a starting point  Please add definitions as needed    ifndef  UNISTD H  define  UNISTD H    1     This is intended as a drop-in replacement for unistd h on Windows     Please add functionality as neeeded     https   stackoverflow com a 826027 1202830       include  lt stdlib h gt   include  lt io h gt   include  lt getopt h gt     getopt at  https   gist github com ashelly 7776712     include  lt process h gt     for getpid   and the exec     family     include  lt direct h gt     for  getcwd   and  chdir        define srandom srand  define random rand     Values for the second argument to access     These may be OR d together       define R OK    4          Test for read permission       define W OK    2          Test for write permission         define   X OK    1          execute permission - unsupported in windows    define F OK    0          Test for existence        define access  access  define dup2  dup2  define execve  execve  define ftruncate  chsize  define unlink  unlink  define fileno  fileno  define getcwd  getcwd  define chdir  chdir  define isatty  isatty  define lseek  lseek    read  write  and close are NOT being  defined here  because while there are file handle specific versions for Windows  they probably don t work for sockets  You need to look at your app and consider whether to call e g  closesocket         ifdef  WIN64  define ssize t   int64  else  define ssize t long  endif   define STDIN FILENO 0  define STDOUT FILENO 1  define STDERR FILENO 2    should be in some equivalent to  lt sys types h gt     typedef   int8            int8 t  typedef   int16           int16 t   typedef   int32           int32 t  typedef   int64           int64 t  typedef unsigned   int8   uint8 t  typedef unsigned   int16  uint16 t  typedef unsigned   int32  uint32 t  typedef unsigned   int64  uint64 t    endif    unistd h

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