[php] How to pass data from Javascript to PHP and vice versa?

There's a few ways, the most prominent being getting form data, or getting the query string. Here's one method using JavaScript. When you click on a link it will call the _vals('mytarget', 'theval') which will submit the form data. When your page posts back you can check if this form data has been set and then retrieve it from the form values.

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
 function _vals(target, value){
   form1.all("target").value=target;
   form1.all("value").value=value;
   form1.submit();
 }
</script>

Alternatively you can get it via the query string. PHP has your _GET and _SET global functions to achieve this making it much easier.

I'm sure there's probably more methods which are better, but these are just a few that spring to mind.

EDIT: Building on this from what others have said using the above method you would have an anchor tag like

<a onclick="_vals('name', 'val')" href="#">My Link</a>

And then in your PHP you can get form data using

$val = $_POST['value'];

So when you click on the link which uses JavaScript it will post form data and when the page posts back from this click you can then retrieve it from the PHP.