How to create war files

Question

What are the best practices of creating war files  using eclipse  to run on tomcat  tutorials  links  examples are highly appreciated

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Making War file in Eclips Gaynemed of grails web project     1 Import project   2 Change the datasource groovy file  Like this  url  jdbc postgresql   18 247 120 101 8432 PGMS   2 chnge AppConfig xml  3 kill the Java from Task Manager    run clean comand in eclips run  prod war  fowllowed by project name  Check the log file and find the same  war file in directory of workbench with same date

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We use Maven  Ant s big brother  for all our java projects  and it has a very nifty WAR plugin  Tutorials and usage can be found there    It s a lot easier than Ant  fully compatible with Eclipse  use maven eclipse eclipse to create Eclipse projects  and easy to configure   Maven s homepage   Maven WAR plugin  Sample Configuration     lt plugin gt       lt groupId gt org apache maven plugins lt  groupId gt       lt artifactId gt maven-war-plugin lt  artifactId gt       lt version gt 2 1-alpha-2 lt  version gt       lt configuration gt           lt outputDirectory gt   project build directory  tmp  lt  outputDirectory gt           lt workDirectory gt   project build directory  tmp war work lt  workDirectory gt           lt webappDirectory gt   project build webappDirectory  lt  webappDirectory gt           lt cacheFile gt   project build directory  tmp war work webapp-cache xml lt  cacheFile gt           lt nonFilteredFileExtensions gt               lt nonFilteredFileExtension gt pdf lt  nonFilteredFileExtension gt               lt nonFilteredFileExtension gt png lt  nonFilteredFileExtension gt               lt nonFilteredFileExtension gt gif lt  nonFilteredFileExtension gt               lt nonFilteredFileExtension gt jsp lt  nonFilteredFileExtension gt           lt  nonFilteredFileExtensions gt           lt webResources gt               lt resource gt                   lt directory gt src main webapp  lt  directory gt                   lt targetPath gt WEB-INF lt  targetPath gt                   lt filtering gt true lt  filtering gt                   lt includes gt                       lt include gt      xml lt  include gt                   lt  includes gt               lt  resource gt           lt  webResources gt           lt warName gt Application lt  warName gt       lt  configuration gt   lt  plugin gt

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Another option would be to build it automatically using Eclipse  Of course if you have continuous integration environment Ant or Maven is recommended  The export alternative is not very convenient because you have to configure every time the export properties   STEPS    Enable  Project Archives  support  this might depend on your project  I used it on Java EE Web project   Right-click project root directory  Configure -  Add Project Archives Support  Go and create a new archive in the  Project Archives  top dir  You have only jar option  but name you archive   war  Configure Fileset-s  i e what files to be included  Typical is to configure two filesets similar how the Web Deployment Assembly  project property  is configured    copy  WebContent to   copy  build classes to WEB-INF classes  create this fileset after you define the WEB-INF classes directory in the archive   You might need to tweek the fileset exclude property depending where you placed some of the config files or you might need more filesets  but the idea is that once you configured this you don t need to change it  Build the archive manually or publish directly to server  but is also automatically built for you by Eclipse

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Use the following command outside the WEB-INF folder  This should create your war file and is the quickest method I know   You will need JDK 1 7  installed and environment variables that point to the bin directory of your JDK   jar -cvf projectname war    Reference Link

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Use ant build code  I use this for my project SMS    lt property name  WEB-INF  value    basedir  WebRoot WEB-INF    gt   lt property name  OUT  value    basedir  out    gt   lt property name  WAR FILE NAME  value  mywebapplication war    gt   lt property name  TEMP  value    basedir  temp    gt    lt target name  help  gt       lt echo gt          --------------------------------------------------         compile - Compile         archive - Generate WAR file         --------------------------------------------------      lt  echo gt   lt  target gt    lt target name  init  gt       lt delete dir    WEB-INF  classes    gt       lt mkdir dir    WEB-INF  classes    gt   lt  target gt    lt target name  compile  depends  init  gt       lt javac srcdir    basedir  src                   destdir    WEB-INF  classes                   classpathref  libs  gt       lt  javac gt   lt  target gt    lt target name  archive  depends  compile  gt       lt delete dir    OUT     gt       lt mkdir dir    OUT     gt       lt delete dir    TEMP     gt       lt mkdir dir    TEMP     gt       lt copy todir    TEMP    gt           lt fileset dir    basedir  WebRoot  gt           lt  fileset gt       lt  copy gt       lt move file    TEMP  log4j properties                       todir    TEMP  WEB-INF classes    gt       lt war destfile    OUT    WAR FILE NAME                        basedir    TEMP                        compress  true                       webxml    TEMP  WEB-INF web xml    gt       lt delete dir    TEMP     gt   lt  target gt    lt path id  libs  gt       lt fileset includes    jar  dir    WEB-INF  lib    gt   lt  path gt

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A war file is simply a jar file with a war extension  but what makes it work is how the contents is actually structured   The J2EE Java EE tutorial can be a start   http   java sun com j2ee tutorial 1 3-fcs doc WebComponents3 html  And the Servlet specification contains the gory details   http   java sun com products servlet download html  If you create a new web project in Eclipse  I am referring to the Java EE version   the structure is created for you and you can also tell it where your Appserver is installed and it will deploy and start the application for you   Using the  Export- WAR file  option will let you save the war file

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Simpler solution which also refreshes the Eclipse workspace    lt  xml version  1 0  encoding  UTF-8   gt   lt project name  project  default  default  gt           lt target name  default  gt           lt war destfile  target MyApplication war  webxml  web WEB-INF web xml  gt               lt fileset dir  src main java    gt               lt fileset dir  web WEB-INF views    gt               lt lib dir  web WEB-INF lib   gt               lt classes dir  target classes    gt           lt  war gt           lt eclipse refreshLocal resource  MyApplication target  depth  infinite   gt       lt  target gt   lt  project gt

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Use the Ant war task

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Another common option is gradle    http   www gradle org docs current userguide application plugin html  To build your war file in a web app   In build gradle  add   apply plugin   war    Then     gradlew war   Use the layout from accepted answer above

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Simplistic Shell code for creating WAR files from a standard Eclipse dynamic Web Project  Uses RAM File system   dev shm  on a Linux platform      bin sh  UTILITY   basename  0   if   -z   1      then     echo  usage   UTILITY  -s   lt web-app-directory gt          echo         -s       With source      exit 1 fi  if     1      -s      then     WITH SOURCE 1     shift fi  while     -z   1      do     WEB APP DIR  1      shift      if     -d  WEB APP DIR     then         echo     WEB APP DIR   is not a directory          continue     fi      if     -d  WEB APP DIR WebContent     then         echo     WEB APP DIR   is not a Web Application directory          continue     fi      TMP DIR  dev shm   WEB APP DIR     tmp     WAR FILE  dev shm   WEB APP DIR  war      mkdir  TMP DIR      pushd  WEB APP DIR  gt   dev null     cp -r WebContent    TMP DIR     cp -r build    TMP DIR WEB-INF         -z   WITH SOURCE     amp  amp  cp -r src    TMP DIR WEB-INF classes     cd  TMP DIR  gt   dev null       -e  WAR FILE    amp  amp  rm -f  WAR FILE     jar cf  WAR FILE       ls -lsF  WAR FILE     popd  gt   dev null      rm -rf  TMP DIR done

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You can use Ant to set up  compile  WAR  and deploy your solution    lt target name  default  depends  setup compile buildwar deploy  gt  lt  target gt    You can then execute one click in Eclipse to run that Ant target  Here are examples of each of the steps   Preconditions  We ll assume that you have your code organized like      basedir  src  Java files  properties  XML config files   basedir  web  Your JSP files   basedir  web lib  Any JARs required at runtime   basedir  web META-INF  Your manifest   basedir  web WEB-INF  Your web xml files   Set up  Define a setup task that creates the distribution directory and copies any artifacts that need to be WARred directly    lt target name  setup  gt       lt mkdir dir  dist    gt       lt echo gt Copying web into dist lt  echo gt       lt copydir dest  dist web  src  web    gt       lt copydir dest  dist web WEB-INF lib  src    basedir     web WEB-INF lib    gt   lt  target gt    Compile  Build your Java files into classes and copy over any non-Java artifacts that reside under src but need to be available at runtime  e g  properties  XML files  etc      lt target name  compile  gt       lt delete dir    dist dir  web WEB-INF classes    gt       lt mkdir dir    dist dir  web WEB-INF classes    gt       lt javac destdir    dist dir  web WEB-INF classes  srcdir  src  gt           lt classpath gt               lt fileset dir    basedir     web WEB-INF lib  gt                     lt include name       gt               lt  fileset gt           lt  classpath gt       lt  javac gt       lt copy todir    dist dir  web WEB-INF classes  gt           lt fileset dir  src  gt               lt include name       properties    gt               lt include name       xml    gt           lt  fileset gt       lt  copy gt   lt  target gt    Build WAR  Create the WAR itself    lt target name  buildwar  gt       lt war basedir    basedir  dist web  destfile  My war       webxml    basedir  dist web WEB-INF web xml  gt           lt exclude name  WEB-INF       gt           lt webinf dir    basedir  dist web WEB-INF   gt               lt include name       jar    gt           lt  webinf gt       lt  war gt   lt  target gt    Deploy  Finally  you can set up a task to deploy the WAR directly into your Tomcat deploy location    lt target name  deploy  gt       lt copy file  My war  todir    tomcat deploydir     gt   lt  target gt    Click and go   Once all this is set up  simply launching the default target from Eclipse will compile  WAR  and deploy your solution   The advantage of this approach is that it will work outside Eclipse as well as within Eclipse and can be used to easily share your deployment strategy  e g  via source control  with other developers who are also working on your project

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I ve always just selected Export from Eclipse   It builds the war file and includes all necessary files   Providing you created the project as a web project that s all you ll need to do   Eclipse makes it very simple to do

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If you are not sure what to do and are starting from scratch then Maven can help get you started   By following the the below steps you can get a new war project setup perfectly in eclipse    Download and install Maven Go the command line run  mvn archetype generate Follow the prompted steps - choosing the simple java web project  18  and a suitable name  When it is finished run  mvn eclipse eclipse Start Eclipse  Choose File -  Import -  Existing project  Select the directory where you ran the mvn goals  That s it you should now have a very good start to a war project in eclipse You can create the war itself by running mvn package or deploy it by setting up a server in eclipse and simply adding adding the project to the server    As some others have said the downside of using maven is that you have to use the maven conventions  But I think if you are just starting out  learning the conventions is a good idea before you start making your own  There s nothing to stop you changing refactoring to your own preferred method at a later point   Hope this helps

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