[c] C programming: Dereferencing pointer to incomplete type error

The reason why you're getting that error is because you've declared your struct as:

struct {
 char name[32];
 int  size;
 int  start;
 int  popularity;
} stasher_file;

This is not declaring a stasher_file type. This is declaring an anonymous struct type and is creating a global instance named stasher_file.

What you intended was:

struct stasher_file {
 char name[32];
 int  size;
 int  start;
 int  popularity;
};

But note that while Brian R. Bondy's response wasn't correct about your error message, he's right that you're trying to write into the struct without having allocated space for it. If you want an array of pointers to struct stasher_file structures, you'll need to call malloc to allocate space for each one:

struct stasher_file *newFile = malloc(sizeof *newFile);
if (newFile == NULL) {
   /* Failure handling goes here. */
}
strncpy(newFile->name, name, 32);
newFile->size = size;
...

(BTW, be careful when using strncpy; it's not guaranteed to NUL-terminate.)