How to get the parents of a Python class

Question

How can I get the parent class es  of a Python class

User · Answer

The FASTEST way  to see all parents  and IN ORDER  just use the built in   mro    i e  repr YOUR CLASS   mro        gt  gt  gt   gt  gt  gt   gt  gt  gt  import getpass  gt  gt  gt  getpass GetPassWarning   mro     outputs  IN ORDER      lt class  getpass GetPassWarning  gt    lt type  exceptions UserWarning  gt    lt type  exceptions Warning  gt    lt type  exceptions Exception  gt     lt type  exceptions BaseException  gt    lt type  object  gt    gt  gt  gt      There you have it   The  best  answer right now  has 182 votes  as I am typing this  but this is SO much simpler than some convoluted for loop  looking into bases one class at a time  not to mention when a class extends TWO or more parent classes   Importing and using inspect just clouds the scope unnecessarily   It honestly is a shame people don t know to just use the built-ins  I Hope this Helps

User · Answer

If you want to ensure they all get called  use super at all levels

User · Answer

New-style classes have an mro method you can call which returns a list of parent classes in method resolution order

User · Answer

Use bases if you just want to get the parents  use   mro    as pointed out by  naught101  for getting the method resolution order  so to know in which order the init s were executed     Bases  and first getting the class for an existing object     gt  gt  gt  some object    some text   gt  gt  gt  some object   class     bases    object     For mro in recent Python versions    gt  gt  gt  some object    some text   gt  gt  gt  some object   class     mro    str  object    Obviously  when you already have a class definition  you can just call   mro   on that directly    gt  gt  gt  class A    pass  gt  gt  gt  A   mro      main   A  object

User · Answer

Use the following attribute   cls   bases     From the docs      The tuple of base classes of a class   object    Example    gt  gt  gt  str   bases     lt type  basestring  gt      Another example    gt  gt  gt  class A object         pass       gt  gt  gt  class B object         pass       gt  gt  gt  class C A  B         pass       gt  gt  gt  C   bases     lt class    main   A  gt    lt class    main   B  gt

User · Answer

If you want all the ancestors rather than just the immediate ones  use inspect getmro   import inspect print inspect getmro cls    Usefully  this gives you all ancestor classes in the  method resolution order  -- i e  the order in which the ancestors will be checked when resolving a method  or  actually  any other attribute -- methods and other attributes live in the same namespace in Python  after all -

[python] How to get the parents of a Python class?

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