What does collation mean

Question

What does collation mean in SQL  and what does it do

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Collation can be simply thought of as sort order.

In English (and it's strange cousin, American), collation may be a pretty simple matter consisting of ordering by the ASCII code.

Once you get into those strange European languages with all their accents and other features, collation changes. For example, though the different accented forms of a may exist at disparate code points, they may all need to be sorted as if they were the same letter.

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Collation means assigning some order to the characters in an Alphabet  say  ASCII or Unicode etc   Suppose you have 3 characters in your alphabet -  A B C   You can define some example collations for it by assigning integral values to the characters   Example 1    A 1 B 2 C 3  Example 2    C 1 B 2 A 3  Example 3    B 1 C 2 A 3    As a matter of fact  you can define n  collations on an Alphabet of size n  Given such an order  different sorting routines likes LSD MSD string sorts make use of it for sorting strings

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http   en wikipedia org wiki Collation     Collation is the assembly of written information into a standard order        A collation algorithm such as the Unicode collation algorithm defines an order through the process of comparing two given character strings and deciding which should come before the other

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The collation is how SQL server decides on how to sort and compare text   See MSDN

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Collation defines how you sort and compare string values  For example  it defines how to deal with   accents      a etc  case  Aa  the language context    In a French collation  cote  lt  c  te  lt  cot    lt  c  t    In the SQL Server Latin1 default   cote  lt  cot    lt  c  te  lt  c  t    ASCII sorts  a binary collation

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Besides the  accented letters are sorted differently than unaccented ones  in some Western European languages  you must take into account the groups of letters  which sometimes are sorted differently  also   Traditionally  in Spanish   ch  was considered a letter in its own right  same with  ll   both of which represent a single phoneme   so a list would get sorted like this    caballo cinco coche charco chocolate chueco dado       l  mpara luego llanta lluvia madera   Notice all the words starting with single c go together  except words starting with ch which go after them  same with ll-starting words which go after all the words starting with a single l  This is the ordering you ll see in old dictionaries and encyclopedias  sometimes even today by very conservative organizations   The Royal Academy of the Language changed this to make it easier for Spanish to be accomodated in the computing world  Nevertheless     is still considered a different letter than n and goes after it  and before o  So this is a correctly ordered list    Namibia n  mero   and        obra ojo   By selecting the correct collation  you get all this done for you  automatically  -

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Rules that tell how to compare and sort strings  letters order  whether case matters  whether diacritics matter etc   For instance  if you want all letters to be different  say  if you store filenames in UNIX   you use UTF8 BIN collation   SELECT   A  COLLATE UTF8 BIN    a  COLLATE UTF8 BIN  --- 0   If you want to ignore case and diacritics differences  say  for a search engine   you use UTF8 GENERAL CI collation   SELECT   A  COLLATE UTF8 GENERAL CI        COLLATE UTF8 GENERAL CI  --- 1   As you can see  this collation  comparison rule  considers capital A and lowecase    the same letter  ignoring case and diacritic differences

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Collation determines how your data is sorted and compared  It s very often important with regards to internazionalization  e g  how do you sort japanese kanji   If you google collation and sql server you ll find plenty of articles discussing it

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Reference is taken from this Article  A collation is a set of rules for comparing characters in a character set  It has also ruled for sorting of characters and proper order of two characters varies from language to language  A Collation compared two strings like  if a word is greater than another one  and sort accordingly   If you are using    latin1    Character set  you can use    latin1 swedish ci    Collation   You have to choose right collation because wrong collation may affect your database performance

[sql] What does collation mean?

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