I am running an Iphone 8+ and VMWare macOS High Sierra on a Windows 10 machine.
I went through dozens of troubleshooting posts, and the none of them, excluding setting your VMs USBs to 2.0, helped. Through trial and error, and a decent amount of liquor, I have figured it out.
SOLUTION:
Do these things, in this order:
With the VM off, go to your settings for whichever machine you're using, and change the USBs to 2.0. You can find this in the same menu that you allocated your ram and cores
Make sure your phone is plugged in, and turned off.
Boot up the VM, macOS.
Turn Phone on when mac is booted
Open Xcode