I would still recommend Firebug. Not only it can debug JS within your JSP files, it can enhance debugging experience with addons like JS Deminifier
(if your production JS is minified), FireQuery
, FireRainbow
and more.
There is also Firebug lite which is nothing but a bookmarklet. It lets you do limited things but still is useful.
Chrome as a developer console built-in that would let you modify javascript.
Using these tools, you should be able to inject your own JS too.