The best approach to use yum and update your devtoolset is to utilize the CentOS SCLo RH Testing repository.
yum install centos-release-scl-rh
yum --enablerepo=centos-sclo-rh-testing install devtoolset-7-gcc devtoolset-7-gcc-c++
Many additional packages are also available, to see them all
yum --enablerepo=centos-sclo-rh-testing list devtoolset-7*
You can use this method to install any dev tool version, just swap the 7 for your desired version. devtoolset-6-gcc, devtoolset-5-gcc etc.