[http] Recommended date format for REST GET API

What's the recommended timestamp format for a REST GET API like this:

http://api.example.com/start_date/{timestamp}

I think the actual date format should be ISO 8601 format, such as YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ for UTC time.

Should we use the ISO 8601 version without hyphens and colons, such as:

http://api.example.com/start_date/YYYYMMDDThhmmssZ

or should we encode the ISO 8601 format, using for example base64 encoding?

Always use UTC:

For example I have a schedule component that takes in one parameter DATETIME. When I call this using a GET verb I use the following format where my incoming parameter name is scheduleDate.

Example:
https://localhost/api/getScheduleForDate?scheduleDate=2003-11-21T01:11:11Z

Check this article for the 5 laws of API dates and times HERE:

• Law #1: Use ISO-8601 for your dates
• Law #2: Accept any timezone
• Law #3: Store it in UTC
• Law #4: Return it in UTC
• Law #5: Don’t use time if you don’t need it

More info in the docs.

RFC6690 - Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) Link Format Does not explicitly state what Date format should be however in section 2. Link Format it points to RFC 3986. This implies that recommendation for date type in RFC 3986 should be used.

Basically RFC 3339 Date and Time on the Internet is the document to look at that says:

date and time format for use in Internet protocols that is a profile of the ISO 8601 standard for representation of dates and times using the Gregorian calendar.

what this boils down to : YYYY-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.ss±hh:mm

(e.g 1937-01-01T12:00:27.87+00:20)

Is the safest bet.

Every datetime field in input/output needs to be in UNIX/epoch format. This avoids the confusion between developers across different sides of the API.

Pros:

• Epoch format does not have a timezone.
• Epoch has a single format (Unix time is a single signed number).
• Epoch time is not effected by daylight saving.
• Most of the Backend frameworks and all native ios/android APIs support epoch conversion.
• Local time conversion part can be done entirely in application side depends on the timezone setting of user's device/browser.

Cons:

• Extra processing for converting to UTC for storing in UTC format in the database.
• Readability of input/output.
• Readability of GET URLs.

Notes:

• Timezones are a presentation-layer problem! Most of your code shouldn't be dealing with timezones or local time, it should be passing Unix time around.
• If you want to store a humanly-readable time (e.g. logs), consider storing it along with Unix time, not instead of Unix time.