Looking for a short simple example of getters setters in C

Question

I am having trouble understanding the concept of getters and setters in the C  language  In languages like Objective-C  they seem an integral part of the system  but not so much in C   as far as I can tell   I have read books and articles already  so my question is  to those of you who understand getters  amp  setters in C   what example would you personally use if you were teaching the concept to a complete beginner  this would include as few lines of code as possible

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well here is common usage of getter setter in actual use case   public class OrderItem    public int Id  get set   public int quantity  get set   public int Price  get set   public int TotalAmount  get  return this quantity  this Price  set

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I think a bit of code will help illustrate what setters and getters are   public class Foo      private string bar      public string GetBar               return bar           public void SetBar string value              bar   value           In this example we have a private member of the class that is called bar  The GetBar and SetBar methods do exactly what they are named - one retrieves the bar member  and the other sets its value   In c  1 1   you have properties  The basic functionality is also the same   public class Foo       private string bar       public string Bar               get   return bar            set   bar   value              The private member bar is not accessible outside the class  However the public  Bar  is  and it has two accessors - get  which just as the example above  GetBar    returns the private member  and also a set - which corresponds to the SetBar string value  method in the forementioned example   Starting with C  3 0 and above the compiler became optimized to the point where such properties do not need to have the private member as their source  The compiler automatically generates a private member of that type and uses it as a source of a property   public class Foo      public string Bar   get  set        what the code shows is an automatic property that has a private member generated by the compiler  You don t see the private member but it is there  This also introduced a couple of other issues - mainly with access control  In C  1 1  and 2 0 you could omit the get or set portion of a property   public class Foo       private string bar       public string Bar               get  return bar              Giving you the chance to restrict how other objects interact with the  Bar  property of the Foo class  Starting with C  3 0 and above - if you chose to use automatic properties you would have to specify the access to the property as follows   public class Foo       public string Bar   get  private set        What that means is that only the class itself can set Bar to some value  however anyone could read the value in Bar

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C  introduces properties which do most of the heavy lifting for you     ie  public string Name   get  set      is a C  shortcut to writing     private string  name   public string getName   return  name    public void setName string value     name   value      Basically getters and setters are just means of helping encapsulation   When you make a class you have several class variables that perhaps you want to expose to other classes to allow them to get a glimpse of some of the data you store   While just making the variables public to begin with may seem like an acceptable alternative  in the long run you will regret letting other classes manipulate your classes member variables directly   If you force them to do it through a setter  you can add logic to ensure no strange values ever occur  and you can always change that logic in the future without effecting things already manipulating this class   ie  private string  name   public string getName   return  name    public void setName string value            Don t want things setting my Name to null     if  value    null                 throw new InvalidInputException                name   value

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As far as I understand getters and setters are to improve encapsulation  There is nothing complex about them in C    You define a property of on object like this   int m colorValue   0  public int Color       set   m colorValue   value       get   return m colorValue        This is the most simple use  It basically sets an internal variable or retrieves its value  You use a Property like this   someObject Color   222     sets a color 222 int color   someObject Color    gets the color of the object   You could eventually do some processing on the value in the setters or getters like this   public int Color       set   m colorValue   value   5       get   return m colorValue  - 30        if you skip set or get  your property will be read or write only  That s how I understand the stuff

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This would be a get set in C  using the smallest amount of code possible  You get auto-implemented properties in C  3 0    public class Contact      public string Name   get  set

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Simple example      public  class Simple               public int Propery   get  set

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Most languages do it this way  and you can do it in C  too       public void setRAM int RAM                this RAM   RAM            public int getRAM                 return this RAM          But C  also gives a more elegant solution to this        public class Computer               int ram          public int RAM                          get                                   return ram                              set                                   ram   value     value is a reserved word and it is a variable that holds the input that is given to ram   like in the example below                                     And later access it with       Computer comp   new Computer        comp RAM   1024      int var   comp RAM    For newer versions of C  it s even better    public class Computer       public int RAM   get  set        and later    Computer comp   new Computer    comp RAM   1024  int var   comp RAM

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My explanation would be following   It s not so short  but it s quite simple      Imagine a class with a variable   class Something       int weight         and other methods  of course  not shown here     Well  there is a small problem with this class  no one can see the weight  We could make weight public  but then everyone would be able to change the weight at any moment  which is perhaps not what we want   So  well  we can do a function   class Something       int weight      public int GetWeight     return weight           and other methods     This is already better  but now everyone instead of plain something Weight has to type something GetWeight    which is  well  ugly   With properties  we can do the same  but the code stays clean   class Something       public int weight   get  private set           and other methods    int w   something weight    works  something weight   x     doesn t even compile   Nice  so with the properties we have finer control over the variable access   Another problem  okay  we want the outer code to be able to set weight  but we d like to control its value  and not allow the weights lower than 100  Moreover  there are is some other inner variable density  which depends on weight  so we d want to recalculate the density as soon as the weight changes   This is traditionally achieved in the following way   class Something       int weight      public int SetWeight int w                if  w  lt  100              throw new ArgumentException  weight too small            weight   w          RecalculateDensity                 and other methods    something SetWeight anotherSomething GetWeight     1     But again  we don t want expose to our clients that setting the weight is a complicated operation  it s semantically nothing but assigning a new weight  So the code with a setter looks the same way  but nicer   class Something       private int  w      public int Weight               get   return  w            set                       if  value  lt  100                  throw new ArgumentException  weight too small                 w   value              RecalculateDensity                           and other methods    something Weight   otherSomething Weight   1     much cleaner  right    So  no doubt  properties are  just  a syntactic sugar  But it makes the client s code be better  Interestingly  the need for property-like things arises very often  you can check how often you find the functions like GetXXX   and SetXXX   in the other languages

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Getters and Setters in C  are something that simplifies the code   private string name    spots    public string Name       get   return name        set   name   value        And calling it  assume we have a person obj with a name property    Console WriteLine Person Name     prints  spots  Person Name    stops   Console Writeline Person Name     prints  stops    This simplifies your code  Where in Java you might have to have two methods  one to Get   and one to Set   the property  in C  it is all done in one spot  I usually do this at the start of my classes   public string foobar  get  set     This creates a getter and setter for my foobar property  Calling it is the same way as shown before  Somethings to note are that you don t have to include both get and set  If you don t want the property being modified  don t include set

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In C   Properties represent your Getters and Setters   Here s an example   public class PropertyExample       private int myIntField   0       public int MyInt                  This is your getter             it uses the accessibility of the property  public          get                       return myIntField                       this is your setter            Note  you can specify different accessibility            for your getter and setter          protected set                          You can put logic into your getters and setters                since they actually map to functions behind the scenes             DoSomeValidation value                                   The input of the setter is always called  value                     and is of the same type as your property definition                 myIntField   value                                    You would access this property just like a field   For example   PropertyExample example   new PropertyExample    example MyInt   4     sets myIntField to 4 Console WriteLine  example MyInt       prints 4   A few other things to note    You don t have to specifiy both a getter and a setter  you can omit either one  Properties are just  syntactic sugar  for your traditional getter and setter   The compiler will actually build get  and set  functions behind the scenes  in the compiled IL  and map all references to your property to those functions

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Internally  getters and setters are just methods   When C  compiles  it generates methods for your getters and setters like this  for example   public int get MyProperty           public void set MyProperty int value            C  allows you to declare these methods using a short-hand syntax   The line below will be compiled into the methods above when you build your application   public int MyProperty   get  set      or  private int myProperty  public int MyProperty         get   return myProperty        set   myProperty   value       value is an implicit parameter containing the value being assigned to the property

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This is a basic example of an object  Article  with getters and setters     public class Article                public String title          public String link          public String description           public string getTitle                         return title                     public void setTitle string value                        title   value                     public string getLink                         return link                     public void setLink string value                        link   value                    public string getDescription                         return description                     public void setDescription string value                        description   value

[c#] Looking for a short & simple example of getters/setters in C#

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