How to convert a byte to its binary string representation

Question

For example  the bits in a byte B are 10000010  how can I assign the bits to the string str literally  that is  str    quot 10000010 quot   Edit I read the byte from a binary file  and stored in the byte array B  I use System out println Integer toBinaryString B i      the problem is  a  when the bits begin with  leftmost  1  the output is not correct because it converts B i  to a negative int value   b  if the bits begin with 0  the output ignore 0  for example  assume B 0  has 00000001  the output is 1 instead of 00000001

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Get each bit of byte and convert to string  Say byte has 8 bits  and we can get them one by one via bit move  For example  we move the second bit of the byte 6 bits to right  the second bit at last of bit of 8 bits  then and  amp   with 0x0001 to clean the front bits   public static String getByteBinaryString byte b        StringBuilder sb   new StringBuilder        for  int i   7  i  gt   0  --i            sb append b  gt  gt  gt  i  amp  1             return sb toString

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A simple answer could be  System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0        0 System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1        1 System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  0        256 System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  0  0        65536 System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0        16777216 System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  0  0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0  0        4294967296 System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0        1099511627776 System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0        281474976710656 System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0        72057594037927936 System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0        18446744073709551616 System out println new BigInteger new byte   0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0        4722366482869645213696 System out println new BigInteger new byte   1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0        1208925819614629174706176 System out println Long MAX VALUE                                                   9223372036854775807

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You can work with BigInteger like below example  most especially if you have 256 bit or longer   String string    10000010   BigInteger biStr   new BigInteger string  2    System out println  binary      biStr toString 2    System out println  hex      biStr toString 16    System out println  dec      biStr toString 10      Another example which accepts bytes   String string    The girl on the red dress     byte   byteString   string getBytes Charset forName  UTF-8     System out println   Input String       string   System out println   Encoded String UTF-8       byteString    BigInteger biStr   new BigInteger byteString   System out println  binary      biStr toString 2       binary System out println  hex      biStr toString 16         hex or base 16 System out println  dec      biStr toString 10        this is base 10   Result    Input String   The girl on the red dress   Encoded String UTF-8    B 70dea4e  binary  101010001101000011001010010000001100111011010010111001001101100001000000110111101101110001000000111010001101000011001010010000001110010011001010110010000100000011001000111001001100101011100110111001100101110 hex  546865206769726c206f6e20746865207265642064726573732e     You can also work to convert Binary to Byte format  try      System out println  binary to byte      biStr toString 2  getBytes  UTF-8       catch  UnsupportedEncodingException e   e printStackTrace         Note  For string formatting for your Binary format you can use below sample  String format   256s   biStr toString 2  replace       0         this is for the 256 bit formatting

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Is this what you are looking for   converting from String to byte    byte b    byte  int Integer valueOf  10000010   2   System out println b     output - gt  -126   converting from byte to String    System out println Integer toBinaryString  b 256  256      output - gt   10000010    Or as Jo  o Silva said in his comment to add leading 0 we can format string to length 8 and replace resulting leading spaces with zero  so in case of string like      1010  we will get  00001010   System out println String format   8s   Integer toBinaryString  b   256    256                             replace       0

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This code will demonstrate how a java int can be split up into its 4 consecutive bytes  We can then inspect each byte using Java methods compared to low level byte   bit interrogation   This is the expected output when you run the code below    Input  Integer value  8549658  Integer toBinaryString  100000100111010100011010 Integer toHexString  82751a Integer bitCount  10  Byte 4th Hex Str  0 Byte 3rd Hex Str  820000 Byte 2nd Hex Str  7500 Byte 1st Hex Str  1a   1st   2nd   3rd   4th  int s   as Integer toHexString  82751a  1st   2nd   3rd   4th  int s       Integer toHexString   true  Individual bits for each byte in a 4 byte int  00000000 10000010 01110101 00011010   Here is the code to run   public class BitsSetCount       public static void main String   args                 int send   8549658           System out println    Input  Integer value      send     n             BitsSetCount countBits   send               private static void countBits int i                 System out println   Integer toBinaryString      Integer toBinaryString i             System out println   Integer toHexString      Integer toHexString i             System out println   Integer bitCount     Integer bitCount i              int d   i  amp  0xff000000          int c   i  amp  0xff0000          int b   i  amp  0xff00          int a   i  amp  0xff           System out println    nByte 4th Hex Str      Integer toHexString d             System out println   Byte 3rd Hex Str      Integer toHexString c             System out println   Byte 2nd Hex Str      Integer toHexString b             System out println   Byte 1st Hex Str      Integer toHexString a              int all   a b c d          System out println    n 1st   2nd   3rd   4th  int s   as Integer toHexString      Integer toHexString all              System out println   1st   2nd   3rd   4th  int s       Integer toHexString                        Integer toHexString all  equals Integer toHexString i                System out println    nIndividual bits for each byte in a 4 byte int                            Because we are sending the MSF bytes to a method            which will work on a single byte and print some            bits we are generalising the MSF bytes            by making them all the same in terms of their position            purely for the purpose of printing or analysis                     System out print                       getBits   byte   d  gt  gt  24                                 getBits   byte   c  gt  gt  16                                 getBits   byte   b  gt  gt  8                                 getBits   byte   a  gt  gt  0                             private static String getBits  byte inByte                    Go through each bit with a mask         StringBuilder builder   new StringBuilder            for   int j   0  j  lt  8  j                              Shift each bit by 1 starting at zero shift             byte tmp     byte    inByte  gt  gt  j                    Check byte with mask 00000001 for LSB             int expect1   tmp  amp  0x01                builder append expect1                     return   builder reverse   toString

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We all know that Java does not provide anything like the unsigned keyword  Moreover  a byte primitive according to the Java s spec represents a value between -128 and 127  For instance  if a byte is cast to an int Java will interpret the first bit as the sign and use sign extension   Then  how to convert a byte greater than 127 to its binary string representation     Nothing prevents you from viewing a byte simply as 8-bits and interpret those bits as a value between 0 and 255  Also  you need to keep in mind that there s nothing you can do to force your interpretation upon someone else s method  If a method accepts a byte  then that method accepts a value between -128 and 127 unless explicitly stated otherwise   So the best way to solve this is convert the byte value to an int value by calling the Byte toUnsignedInt   method or casting it as a int primitive  int  signedByte  amp  0xFF  Here you have an example      public class BinaryOperations       public static void main String   args                byte forbiddenZeroBit    byte  0x80           buffer 0     byte   forbiddenZeroBit  amp  0xFF           buffer 1     byte    forbiddenZeroBit    49  lt  lt  1    amp  0xFF           buffer 2     byte  96          buffer 3     byte  234           System out println  8-bit header             printBynary buffer              public static void printBuffer byte   buffer                for  byte num   buffer                printBynary num                        public static void printBynary byte num                int aux   Byte toUnsignedInt num              int aux    int  num  amp  0xFF           String binary   String format   8s   Integer toBinaryString aux   replace       0            System out println binary             Output  8-bit header  10000000 11100010 01100000 11101010

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Use Integer toBinaryString     byte b1    byte  129  String s1   String format   8s   Integer toBinaryString b1  amp  0xFF   replace       0    System out println s1      10000001  byte b2    byte  2  String s2   String format   8s   Integer toBinaryString b2  amp  0xFF   replace       0    System out println s2      00000010   DEMO

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I used this  Similar idea to other answers  but didn t see the exact approach anywhere     System out println Integer toBinaryString  b  amp  0xFF    0x100  substring 1      0xFF is 255  or 11111111  max value for an unsigned byte   0x100 is 256  or 100000000  The  amp  upcasts the byte to an integer  At that point  it can be anything from 0-255  00000000 to 11111111  I excluded the leading 24 bits     0x100 and  substring 1  ensure there will be leading zeroes   I timed it compared to Jo  o Silva s answer  and this is over 10 times faster  http   ideone com 22DDK1 I didn t include Pshemo s answer as it doesn t pad properly

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Just another hint for those who need to massively convert bytes to binary strings  Use a lookup table instead of using those String operation all the time  This is a lot faster than calling the convert function over and over again public class ByteConverterUtil      private static final String   LOOKUP TABLE   IntStream range 0  Byte MAX VALUE - Byte MIN VALUE   1                                                           mapToObj intValue - gt  Integer toBinaryString intValue   0x100  substring 1                                                            toArray String    new      public static String convertByte final byte byteValue        return LOOKUP TABLE Byte toUnsignedInt byteValue           public static void main String   args       System out println convertByte  byte 0      00000000     System out println convertByte  byte 2      00000010     System out println convertByte  byte 129      10000001     System out println convertByte  byte 255      11111111

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Sorry i know this is a bit late    But i have a much easier way    To binary string       Add 128 to get a value from 0 - 255 String bs   Integer toBinaryString data i  128   bs   getCorrectBits bs  8     getCorrectBits method     private static String getCorrectBits String bitStr  int max         Create a temp string to add all the zeros     StringBuilder sb   new StringBuilder        for int i   0  i  lt   max - bitStr length     i              sb append  0               return sb toString    bitStr

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String byteToBinaryString byte b       StringBuilder binaryStringBuilder   new StringBuilder        for int i   0  i  lt  8  i            binaryStringBuilder append   0x80  gt  gt  gt  i   amp  b     0   0   1        return binaryStringBuilder toString

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Just guessing here  but if you have a Byte then couldn t you simply invoke toString   on the object to get the value  Or  glancing at the api  using byteValue

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You could check each bit on the byte then append either 0 or 1 to a string   Here is a little helper method I wrote for testing   public static String byteToString byte b        byte   masks     -128  64  32  16  8  4  2  1        StringBuilder builder   new StringBuilder        for  byte m   masks            if   b  amp  m     m                builder append  1              else               builder append  0                        return builder toString

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Integer toBinaryString  byteValue  amp  0xFF    256  substring 1

[java] How to convert a byte to its binary string representation

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