There are several Identity providers with SSO support out of the box, also third-party** products.
** The only problem with third party products is that they charge per user/month, and it can be quite expensive.
Some of the tools available and with APIs for .NET are:
If you decide to go with your own implementation, you could use the frameworks below categorized by programming language.
C#
Javascript
Python
I would go with IdentityServer4 and ASP.NET Core application, it's easy configurable and you can also add your own authentication provider. It uses OAuth/OpenID protocols which are newer than SAML 2.0 and WS-Federation.