It is 2020 (7 years later) and I have learned more about Linux during this time. Specifically that it might not be a good idea to run sudo make install when installing libraries, as these may interfere with the package management system. (In this case apt as I am using Debian 10.)
If this is not correct, please correct me in the comments.
This information is taken from the GLFW docs, however I have expanded/streamlined the information which is relevant to Linux users.
cd ~
git clone https://github.com/glfw/glfw.git
cd glfw
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles"
You may need to run sudo apt-get build-dep glfw3 before (?). I ran both this command and sudo apt install xorg-dev as per the instructions.
Finally run make
Now in your project directory, do the following. (Go to your project which uses the glfw libs)
Create a CMakeLists.txt, mine looks like this
CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.7)
PROJECT(project)
SET(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
SET(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE DEBUG)
set(GLFW_BUILD_DOCS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
set(GLFW_BUILD_TESTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
set(GLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
add_subdirectory(/home/<user>/glfw /home/<user>/glfw/src)
FIND_PACKAGE(OpenGL REQUIRED)
SET(SOURCE_FILES main.cpp)
ADD_EXECUTABLE(project ${SOURCE_FILES})
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(project glfw)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(project OpenGL::GL)
If you don't like CMake then I appologize but in my opinion it is the easiest way to get your project working quickly. I would recommend learning to use it, at least to a basic level. Regretably I do not know of any good CMake tutorial
Then do cmake . and make, your project should be built and linked against glfw3 shared lib
There is some way of creating a dynamic linked lib. I believe I have used the static method here. Please comment / add a section in this answer below if you know more than I do
This should work on other systems, if not let me know and I will help if I am able to