there's no explanation in this topic why to print a percentage sign one must type %% and not for example escape character with percentage - \%.
from comp.lang.c FAQ list ยท Question 12.6 :
The reason it's tricky to print % signs with printf is that % is essentially printf's escape character. Whenever printf sees a %, it expects it to be followed by a character telling it what to do next. The two-character sequence %% is defined to print a single %.
To understand why \% can't work, remember that the backslash \ is the compiler's escape character, and controls how the compiler interprets source code characters at compile time. In this case, however, we want to control how printf interprets its format string at run-time. As far as the compiler is concerned, the escape sequence \% is undefined, and probably results in a single % character. It would be unlikely for both the \ and the % to make it through to printf, even if printf were prepared to treat the \ specially.
so the reason why one must type printf("%%"); to print single % is that's what is defined in printf function. % is an escape character of printf's, and \ of compiler.