What do these operators mean

Question

Other than the standard    -   and   operators  but what does these mean                      gt  gt  gt  9 float 2    addition 11 0  gt  gt  gt  9-float 2    subtraction 7 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 2    multiplication 18 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 2    division 4 5  gt  gt  gt   gt  gt  gt  9  float 2    This looks like a square   i e  power 2   81 0  gt  gt  gt  9  float 3    So    is equivalent to  math pow x p     729 0   How about the   operator    gt  gt  gt  9 int 2    What is     in  x u    it only allows  int  for  u  11  gt  gt  gt  9 int 3  10  gt  gt  gt  9 int 4  13  gt  gt  gt  9 int 5  12  gt  gt  gt  9 int 6  15  gt  gt  gt  9 int 7  14  gt  gt  gt  9 int 8  1  gt  gt  gt  9 int 9  0  gt  gt  gt  9 int 10  3  gt  gt  gt  9 int 11  2  gt  gt  gt  9 int 12  5     in x m returns a normal remainder modulus  but only if m  lt  x  why is that so  What does   do    gt  gt  gt  9 float 2  1 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 3  0 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 4  1 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 5  4 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 6  3 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 7  2 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 8  1 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 9  0 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 10  9 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 11  9 0  gt  gt  gt  9 float 12  9 0   How about the    operator  what does it do    gt  gt  gt  9  float 2  4 0  gt  gt  gt  9  float 3  3 0  gt  gt  gt  9  float 4  2 0  gt  gt  gt  9  float 5  1 0  gt  gt  gt  9  float 6  1 0  gt  gt  gt  9  float 7  1 0  gt  gt  gt  9  float 8  1 0  gt  gt  gt  9  float 9  1 0  gt  gt  gt  9  float 1  9 0  gt  gt  gt  9  float 0 5  18 0

User · Answer

You are correct that    is the power function     is bitwise XOR     is indeed the modulus operation  but note that for positive numbers  x   m   x whenever m  gt  x  This follows from the definition of modulus   Additionally  Python specifies x   m to have the sign of m       is a division operation that returns an integer by discarding the remainder  This is the standard form of division using the   in most programming languages  However  Python 3 changed the behavior of   to perform floating-point division even if the arguments are integers  The    operator was introduced in Python 2 6 and Python 3 to provide an integer-division operator that would behave consistently between Python 2 and Python 3  This means     context                                      behavior          behavior   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------   floating-point arguments  Python 2  amp  3   float division   int divison     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------   integer arguments  python 2              int division     int division    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------   integer arguments  python 3              float division   int division      For more details  see this question  Division in Python 2 7  and 3 3

User · Answer

You can find all of those operators in the Python language reference  though you ll have to scroll around a bit to find them all  As other answers have said    The    operator does exponentiation  a    b is a raised to the b power  The same    symbol is also used in function argument and calling notations  with a different meaning  passing and receiving arbitrary keyword arguments   The   operator does a binary xor  a   b will return a value with only the bits set in a or in b but not both  This one is simple  The   operator is mostly to find the modulus of two integers  a   b returns the remainder after dividing a by b  Unlike the modulus operators in some other programming languages  such as C   in Python a modulus it will have the same sign as b  rather than the same sign as a  The same operator is also used for the  old  style of string formatting  so a   b can return a string if a is a format string and b is a value  or tuple of values  which can be inserted into a  The    operator does Python s version of integer division  Python s integer division is not exactly the same as the integer division offered by some other languages  like C   since it rounds towards negative infinity  rather than towards zero  Together with the modulus operator  you can say that a     a    b  b    a   b   In Python 2  floor division is the default behavior when you divide two integers  using the normal division operator     Since this can be unexpected  especially when you re not picky about what types of numbers you get as arguments to a function   Python 3 has changed to make  true   floating point  division the norm for division that would be rounded off otherwise  and it will do  floor  division only when explicitly requested   You can also get the new behavior in Python 2 by putting from   future   import division at the top of your files  I strongly recommend it

User · Answer

exponentiation    exclusive-or  bitwise     modulus     divide with integral result  discard remainder

[python] What do these operators mean (** , ^ , %, //)?

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