fatal error Python h No such file or directory

Question

I am trying to build a shared library using a C extension file but first I have to generate the output file using the command below  gcc -Wall utilsmodule c -o Utilc  After executing the command  I get this error message   gt  utilsmodule c 1 20  fatal error  Python h  No such file or directory compilation terminated   I have tried all the suggested solutions over the internet but the problem still exists  I have no problem with Python h  I managed to locate the file on my machine

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If you are using a Raspberry Pi   sudo apt-get install python-dev

User · Answer

Sometimes even after installing python-dev the error persists  Check for the error if it is  gcc  missing   First download as stated in https   stackoverflow com a 21530768 8687063  then install gcc  For apt  Ubuntu  Debian       sudo apt-get install gcc   For yum  CentOS  RHEL       sudo yum install gcc   For dnf  Fedora       sudo dnf install gcc   For zypper  openSUSE       sudo zypper in gcc   For apk  Alpine       sudo apk gcc

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I also encountered this error when I was installing coolprop in ubuntu    For ubuntu 16 04 with python 3 6   sudo apt-get install python3 6-dev   If ever this doesn t work try installing updating gcc lib   sudo apt-get install gcc

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AWS EC2 install running python34   sudo yum install python34-devel

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Solution for Cygwin  You need to install the package python2-devel or python3-devel  depending on the Python version you re using    You can quickly install it using the 32-bit or 64-bit setup exe  depending on your installation  from Cygwin com   Example  modify setup exe s filename and Python s major version if you need      setup exe -q --packages python3-devel   You can also check my other answer for a few more options to install Cygwin s packages from the command-line

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For the OpenSuse comrades out there   sudo zypper install python3-devel

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try locate your Python h  gemfield ThinkPad-X1C    locate Python h  home gemfield anaconda3 include python3 7m Python h  home gemfield anaconda3 pkgs python-3 7 6-h0371630 2 include python3 7m Python h  usr include python3 8 Python h  if not found  then install python-dev or python3-dev  else include the correct header path for compiler  g   -I usr include python3 8

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Two things you have to do   Install development package for Python  in case of Debian Ubuntu Mint it s done with command   sudo apt-get install python-dev   Second thing is that include files are not by default in the include path  nor is Python library linked with executable by default  You need to add these flags  replace Python s version accordingly    -I usr include python2 7 -lpython2 7    In other words your compile command ought to be   gcc -Wall -I usr include python2 7 -lpython2 7  utilsmodule c -o Utilc

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try apt-file  It is difficult to remember the package name where the missing file resides  It is generic and useful for any package files   For example   root ubuntu234   auto  apt-file search --regexp   Python h   pypy-dev   usr lib pypy include Python h python2 7-dbg   usr include python2 7 d Python h python2 7-dev   usr include python2 7 Python h python3 2-dbg   usr include python3 2dmu Python h python3 2-dev   usr include python3 2mu Python h root ubuntu234   auto     Now you can make an expert guess as to which one to choose from

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If you re using Python 3 6 on Amazon Linux  based on RHEL  but the RHEL answers given here didn t work    sudo yum install python36-devel

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For me  changing it to this worked    include  lt python2 7 Python h gt    I found the file  usr include python2 7 Python h  and since  usr include is already in the include path  then python2 7 Python h should be sufficient   You could also add the include path from command line instead - gcc -I usr lib python2 7  thanks  erm3nda

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In AWS API  centOS  its   yum install python27-devel

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For CentOS 7      sudo yum install python36u-devel   I followed the instructions here for installing python3 6 on several VMs  https   www digitalocean com community tutorials how-to-install-python-3-and-set-up-a-local-programming-environment-on-centos-7 and was then able to build mod wsgi and get it working with a python3 6 virtualenv

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This error occurred when I attempted to install ctds on CentOS 7 with Python3 6  I did all the tricks mentioned here including yum install python34-devel   The problem was Python h was found in  usr include python3 4m but not in  usr include python3 6m   I tried to use --global-option to point to include dir  pip3 6 install --global-option build ext --global-option  --include-dirs  usr include python3 4m  ctds    This resulted in a lpython3 6m not found when linking ctds   Finally what worked was fixing the development environment for Python3 6 needs to correct with the include and libs   yum -y install https   dl iuscommunity org pub ius stable CentOS 7 x86 64 python36u-libs-3 6 3-1 ius centos7 x86 64 rpm   Python h needs to be in your include path for gcc   Whichever version of python is used  for example if it s 3 6  then it should be in  usr include python3 6m Python h typically

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On Ubuntu  I was running Python 3 and I had to install   sudo apt-get install python3-dev   If you want to use a version of Python that is not linked to python3  install the associated python3 x-dev package   For example   sudo apt-get install python3 5-dev

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Looks like you haven t properly installed the header files and static libraries for python dev   Use your package manager to install them system-wide  For apt  Ubuntu  Debian      sudo apt-get install python-dev     for python2 x installs sudo apt-get install python3-dev    for python3 x installs     For yum  CentOS  RHEL      sudo yum install python-devel      for python2 x installs sudo yum install python3-devel     for python3 x installs  For dnf  Fedora      sudo dnf install python2-devel    for python2 x installs sudo dnf install python3-devel    for python3 x installs  For zypper  openSUSE      sudo zypper in python-devel     for python2 x installs sudo zypper in python3-devel    for python3 x installs  For apk  Alpine        This is a departure from the normal Alpine naming   scheme  which uses py2- and py3- prefixes sudo apk add python2-dev    for python2 x installs sudo apk add python3-dev    for python3 x installs  For apt-cyg  Cygwin      apt-cyg install python-devel     for python2 x installs apt-cyg install python3-devel    for python3 x installs

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Here is yet another solution  because none of these solutions worked for me  For reference  I was trying to pip install something on an Amazon Linux AMI base Docker image for Python 3 6  Non-docker solution    Install python3-devel like everyone says yum -y install python36-devel x86 64    Find the install directory of  Python h  rpm -ql python36-devel x86 64   grep -i  quot Python h quot     Forcefully add it to your include path C INCLUDE PATH   usr include python3 6m  export C INCLUDE PATH  Docker solution    Install python3-devel like everyone says RUN yum -y install python36-devel x86 64    Find the install directory of  Python h   for me it was  usr include python3 6m RUN rpm -ql python36-devel x86 64   grep -i  quot Python h quot   amp  amp  fake command so docker fails and shows us the output    Since the previous command contains a purposeful error  remove it before the next run    Forcefully add it to your include path ARG C INCLUDE PATH   usr include python3 6m   NOTE  If you re getting the error when compiling C    use CPLUS INCLUDE PATH

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For Python 3 7 and Ubuntu in particular  I needed sudo apt install libpython3 7-dev   I think at some point names were changed from pythonm n-dev to this  for Python 3 6  3 8  and 3 9 similarly  sudo apt install libpython3 6-dev    sudo apt install libpython3 8-dev    sudo apt install libpython3 9-dev

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It often appear when you trying to remove python3 5 and install python3 6   So when using python3  which python3 -V    python3 6  to install some packages required python3 5 header will appear this error   Resolve by install python3 6-dev module

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It s not the same situation  but it also works for me and now I can use SWIG with Python3 5   I was trying to compile   gcc -fPIC -c existe c existe wrap c -I  usr include python3 5m    With Python 2 7 works fine  not with my version 3 5      existe wrap c 147 21  fatal error  Python h  No existe el archivo o el   directorio compilation terminated    After run in my Ubuntu 16 04 installation   sudo apt-get install python3-dev    for python3 x installs   Now I can compile without problems Python3 5   gcc -fPIC -c existe c existe wrap c -I  usr include python3 5m

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This means that Python h isn t in your compiler s default include paths  Have you installed it system-wide or locally  What s your OS   You could use the -I lt path gt  flag to specify an additional directory where your compiler should look for headers  You will probably have to follow up with -L lt path gt  so that gcc can find the library you ll be linking with using -l lt name gt

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If you are using tox to run tests on multiple versions of Python  you may need to install the Python dev libraries for each version of Python you are testing on   sudo apt-get install python2 6-dev  sudo apt-get install python2 7-dev  etc

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Sure python-dev or libpython-all-dev are the first thing to  apt  install  but if that doesn t help as was my case  I advice you to install the foreign Function Interface packages by sudo apt-get install libffi-dev and sudo pip install cffi   This should help out especially if you see the error as from c  cffi backend c 2 20  fatal error  Python h  No such file or directory

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If you use cmake to build project  you can use this example  cmake minimum required VERSION 2 6  project demo  find package PythonLibs REQUIRED  include directories   PYTHON INCLUDE DIRS   add executable demo main cpp  target link libraries demo   PYTHON LIBRARIES

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on Fedora run this for Python 2   sudo dnf install python2-devel   and for Python 3   sudo dnf install python3-devel

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Make sure that the Python dev files come with your OS  You should not hard code the library and include paths  Instead  use pkg-config  which will output the correct options for your specific system    pkg-config --cflags --libs python2 -I usr include python2 7 -lpython2 7  You may add it to your gcc line  gcc -Wall utilsmodule c -o Utilc   pkg-config --cflags --libs python2

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If you use a virtualenv with a 3 6 python  edge right now   be sure to install the matching python 3 6 dev sudo apt-get install python3 6-dev  otherwise executing sudo python3-dev will install the python dev 3 3 3-1  which won t solve the issue

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I managed to solve this issue and generate the  so file in one command   gcc -shared -o UtilcS so -fPIC -I usr include python2 7 -lpython2 7  utilsmodule c

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You must install the Python development files on your operating system if the Python provided with your operating system does not come with them  The many answers on this question show the myriad ways this can be achieved on different systems  When you have done so  the problem is telling the compiler where they re located and how to compile against them  Python comes with a program called python-config  For compilation  you need the --includes output and for linking a program against the Python library  embedding Python into your program  the --ldflags output  Example   gcc -c mypythonprogram c   python3-config --includes  gcc -o program mypythonprogram o   python3-config --ldflags     The python-config program can be named after the Python versions - on Debian  Ubuntu for example these can be named python3-config or python3 6-config

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In my case  what fixed it in Ubuntu was to install the packages libpython-all-dev  or libpython3-all-dev if you use Python 3

[python] fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

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