Just leverage the built-in toISOString
method that brings your date to the ISO 8601 format:
yourDate.toISOString().split('T')[0]
Where yourDate is your date object.
Edit: @exbuddha wrote this to handle time zone in the comments:
const offset = yourDate.getTimezoneOffset()
yourDate = new Date(yourDate.getTime() - (offset*60*1000))
return yourDate.toISOString().split('T')[0]