By adding a callback argument, you are telling jQuery that you want to make a request for JSONP using a script element instead of a request for JSON using XMLHttpRequest.
JSONP is not JSON. It is a JavaScript program.
Change your server so it outputs the right MIME type for JSONP which is application/javascript
.
(While you are at it, stop telling jQuery that you are expecting JSON as that is contradictory: dataType: 'jsonp'
).