What is NET Core

Question

Recently in an official  NET Framework Blog it was announced that  NET Core is going open source   Ironically  the author mentions that what  NET Core is will be explained in the next post  Some more details are mentioned in another announcement post   From a supplied diagram     and articles text itself  I would assume that  NET Core  beside obvious things like being open-sourced  is a modular re-implementation of the full  NET  I e  framework components are loaded as necessary  much like NuGet packages are loaded now  And now ASP NET 5 is one of the modules that is already implemented  Is my understanding of  NET Core correct  Maybe I m missing something     I have found a recent article which I found both short and very good  It covers  NET Standard   NET Core  and  NET Framework and their relationship  I highly recommend it

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Microsoft just announced  NET Core v 3 0  which is a much-improved version of  NET Core   For more details visit this great article  Difference Between  NET Framework and  NET Core from April 2019

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I was trying to create a new project in Visual  Studio  2017 today  recently upgraded from Visual  Studio  2015  and noticed new set of choices for the type of project  Either they re new or it s been a while since I started a new project       I came across this documentation link and found it very useful  so I am sharing  The details of the bullets are also provided in the article  I am just posting bullets here   You should use  NET Core for your server application when  You have cross-platform needs  You are targeting microservices  You are using Docker containers  You need high performance and scalable systems  You need side by side of  NET versions by application   You should use  NET Framework for your server application when  Your application currently uses  NET Framework  recommendation is to extend instead of migrating  You need to use third-party  NET libraries or NuGet packages not available for  NET Core  You need to use  NET technologies that are not available for  NET Core  You need to use a platform that doesn   t support  NET Core    This link provides a glossary of  NET terms  EDIT 10 7 2020 Check out  NET 5 0 -  quot     just one  NET going forward  and you will be able to use it to target Windows  Linux  macOS  iOS  Android  tvOS  watchOS and WebAssembly and more quot  It s supposed to be released November 2020

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It is a sub-set of the  NET Framework  started with the Compact Framework edition  It progressed into Silverlight  Windows Store and Windows Phone  It focused on keeping the deployment small  suitable for quick downloads and devices with limited storage capabilities   And it is easier to bring up on non-Windows platforms  and surely this was the reason it was chosen as the open sourced edition   The  difficult  and  expensive  parts of the CLR and the base class libraries are omitted   Otherwise  it is always easy to recognize when you target such a framework version  because lots of goodies will be missing   You ll be using a distinct set of reference assemblies that only expose what is supported by the runtime  It is stored on your machine in the C  Program Files  x86  Reference Assemblies Microsoft Framework  NETCore directory     Update  after the  NET Core 2 0 release I ve seen some representative numbers that gives a decent insight   They have been hard at work back-porting framework APIs to  NET Core over the past two years   NET Core 1 0 originally supported 13 000 APIs    NET Core 2 0 added 20 000 APIs  bringing the total to 32 000 and allowing about 70  of existing NuGet packages to be ported   There are a set of APIs that are too heavily wedded to Windows to be easy to port to Linux and MacOS   Covered by the recently released Windows Compatibility Pack  it adds another 20 000 APIs

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I have found a recent article which I found both short and very good  It covers  NET Standard   NET Core and  NET Framework and their relationship  I highly recommend it  Unfortunately  I have no time to adapt and put it here  Original answer content below   So  based on the latest official entry on the subject  here are some key points as I see them    NET Core is essentially a fork of the  NET Framework whose implementation is also optimized around factoring concerns  We think of  NET Core as not being specific to either  NET Native nor ASP NET 5     the BCL and the runtimes are general purpose and designed to be modular  As such  it forms the foundation for all future  NET verticals   So  NET Native and ASP NET 5 are just a test  quot subjects quot  for new framework configuration  partially this maybe because they are quite different   See  they even need separate low-level  but a major part of BCL is still common   We think of  NET Core as not being specific to either  NET Native nor ASP NET 5     the BCL and the runtimes are general purpose and designed to be modular  As such  it forms the foundation for all future  NET verticals   I e   magenta rectangles on top will be added massively with new App Models  but the base will remain common  NuGet deployment   In contrast to the  NET Framework  the  NET Core platform will be delivered as a set of NuGet packages  We   ve settled on NuGet because that   s where the majority of the library ecosystem already is   Relationship with current frameworks   For Visual Studio 2015 our goal is to make sure that  NET Core is a pure subset of the  NET Framework  In other words  there wouldn   t be any feature gaps  After Visual Studio 2015 is released our expectation is that  NET Core will version faster than the  NET Framework  This means that there will be points in time where a feature will only be available on the  NET Core based platforms   Summary   The  NET Core platform is a new  NET stack that is optimized for open source development and agile delivery on NuGet  We   re working with the Mono community to make it great on Windows  Linux and Mac  and Microsoft will support it on all three platforms  We   re retaining the values that the  NET Framework brings to enterprise class development  We   ll offer  NET Core distributions that represent a set of NuGet packages that we tested and support together  Visual Studio remains your one- stop-shop for development  Consuming NuGet packages that are part of a distribution doesn   t require an Internet connection   Basically this can be thought as a  NET 4 6 with a changed distribution model  which  simultaneously  is being in a process of becoming open source

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NET Core is an open source and cross platform version of  NET  Microsoft products  besides the great abilities that they have  were always expensive for usual users  especially end users of products that has been made by  NET technologies    Most of the low-level customers prefer to use Linux as their OS and before  NET Core they would not like to use Microsoft technologies  despite the great abilities of them  But after  NET Core production  this problem is solved completely and we can satisfy our customers without considering their OS  etc

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From Microsoft s Website       NET Core refers to several technologies including  NET Core  ASP NET Core and Entity Framework Core    These technologies are different than native  NET in that they run using CoreCLR runtime  used in the Universal Windows Platform    As you mentioned in your question   NET Core is not only open-source  but portable as well  runs on MacOS  Windows  and Linux   The internals of  NET Core are also optimised to not use different modules from its core library unless it is required by the application

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The current documentation has a good explanation of what  NET Core is  areas to use and so on  The following characteristics best define  NET Core   Flexible deployment  Can be included in your app or installed side-by-side user- or machine-wide  Cross-platform  Runs on Windows  macOS and Linux  can be ported to other OSes  The supported operating systems  OSes   CPUs and application scenarios will grow over time  provided by Microsoft  other companies  and individuals  Command-line tools  All product scenarios can be exercised at the command-line  Compatible   NET Core is compatible with  NET Framework  Xamarin and Mono  via the  NET Standard Library  Open source  The  NET Core platform is open source  using MIT and Apache 2 licenses  Documentation is licensed under CC-BY   NET Core is a  NET Foundation project  Supported by Microsoft   NET Core is supported by Microsoft  per  NET Core Support  And here is what  NET Core includes   A  NET runtime  which provides a type system  assembly loading  a garbage collector  native interoperability and other basic services  A set of framework libraries  which provide primitive data types  application composition types and fundamental utilities  A set of SDK tools and language compilers that enable the base developer experience  available in the  NET Core SDK  The  dotnet  application host  which is used to launch  NET Core applications  It selects the runtime and hosts the runtime  provides an assembly loading policy and launches the app  The same host is also used to launch SDK tools in much the same way

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NET Core is an open source and cross platform version of  NET Framework

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Microsoft recognized the future web open source paradigm and decided to open  NET to other operating systems   NET Core is a  NET Framework for Mac and Linux  It is a    lightweight     NET Framework  so some features libraries are missing   On Windows  I would still run  NET Framework and Visual nbsp Studio nbsp 2015   NET Core is more friendly with the open source world like Node js  npm  Yeoman  Docker  etc   You can develop full-fledged web sites and RESTful APIs on Mac or Linux with Visual Studio Code    NET Core which wasn t possible before  So if you love Mac or Ubuntu and you are a  NET developer then go ahead and set it up   For Mono vs   NET Core  Mono was developed as a  NET Framework for Linux which is now acquired by Microsoft  company called Xamarin  and used in mobile development  Eventually  Microsoft may merge migrate Mono to  NET Core  I would not worry about Mono right now

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From the  NET blog Announcing  NET 2015 Preview  A New Era for  NET    NET Core has two major components  It includes a small runtime that is built from the same codebase as the  NET Framework CLR  The  NET Core runtime includes the same GC and JIT  RyuJIT   but doesn   t include features like Application Domains or Code Access Security  The runtime is delivered via NuGet  as part of the  ASP NET Core  package   NET Core also includes the base class libraries  These libraries are largely the same code as the  NET Framework class libraries  but have been factored  removal of dependencies  to enable us to ship a smaller set of libraries  These libraries are shipped as System   NuGet packages on NuGet org   And    ASP NET Core  is the first workload that has adopted  NET Core   ASP NET Core  runs on both the  NET Framework and  NET Core  A key value of  ASP NET Core  is that it can run on multiple versions of   NET Core  on the same machine  Website A and website B can run on two different versions of  NET Core on the same machine  or they can use the same version   In short  first  there was the Microsoft  NET Framework  which consists of a runtime that executes application and library code  and a nearly fully documented standard class library  The runtime is the Common Language Runtime  which implements the Common Language Infrastructure  works with The JIT compiler to run the CIL  formerly MSIL  bytecode  Microsoft s specification and implementation of  NET were  given its history and purpose  very Windows- and IIS-centered and  quot fat quot   There are variations with fewer libraries  namespaces and types  but few of them were useful for web or desktop development or are troublesome to port from a legal standpoint  So in order to provide a non-Microsoft version of  NET  which could run on non-Windows machines  an alternative had to be developed  Not only the runtime has to be ported for that  but also the entire Framework Class Library to become well-adopted  On top of that  to be fully independent from Microsoft  a compiler for the most commonly used languages will be required  Mono is one of few  if not the only alternative implementation of the runtime  which runs on various OSes besides Windows  almost all namespaces from the Framework Class Library as of  NET 4 5 and a VB and C  compiler  Enter  NET Core  an open-source implementation of the runtime  and a minimal base class library  All additional functionality is delivered through NuGet packages  deploying the specific runtime  framework libraries and third-party packages with the application itself  ASP NET Core is a new version of MVC and WebAPI  bundled together with a thin HTTP server abstraction  that runs on the  NET Core runtime - but also on the  NET Framework

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NET Core is a free and open-source  managed computer software framework for Windows  Linux  and macOS operating systems  It is an open source  cross platform successor to  NET Framework    NET Core applications are supported on Windows  Linux  and macOS  In a nutshell  NET Core is similar to  NET framework  but it is cross-platform  i e   it allows the  NET applications to run on Windows  Linux and MacOS   NET framework applications can only run on the Windows system  So the basic difference between  NET framework and  NET core is that  NET Core is cross platform and  NET framework only runs on Windows   Furthermore   NET Core has built-in dependency injection by Microsoft and you do not have to use third-party software DLL files for dependency injection

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NET Core is a new cross-platform implementation of  NET standards  ECMA 335  similar to Mono but done by Microsoft itself   See docs microsoft com

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