Finding local IP addresses using Python s stdlib

Question

How can I find local IP addresses  i e  192 168 x x or 10 0 x x  in Python platform independently and using only the standard library

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A slight refinement of the commands version that uses the IP command  and returns IPv4 and IPv6 addresses   import commands re socket   A generator that returns stripped lines of output from  ip address show  iplines  line strip   for line in commands getoutput  ip address show   split   n      Turn that into a list of IPv4 and IPv6 address mask strings addresses1 reduce lambda a v a v  re findall r inet    d     d    line  re findall r inet6      da-f    d    line  for line in iplines    addresses1 now looks like   127 0 0 1 8      1 128    10 160 114 60 23    fe80  1031 3fff fe00 6dce 64     Get a list of IPv4 addresses as  IPstring subnetsize  tuples ipv4s   ip int subnet   for ip subnet in  addr split      for addr in addresses1 if     in addr    ipv4s now looks like    127 0 0 1   8     10 160 114 60   23     Get IPv6 addresses ipv6s   ip int subnet   for ip subnet in  addr split      for addr in addresses1 if     in addr

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This is very similar to previously posted answers  but I could not find any with this usage of calls  This is what I use for ipv4  For ipv6 change the     in to     in   import socket print next i 4  0  for i in socket getaddrinfo      socket gethostname    80  if  127   not in i 4  0  and     in i 4  0

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Socket API method  see https   stackoverflow com a 28950776 711085  Downsides    Not cross-platform  Requires more fallback code  tied to existence of particular addresses on the internet This will also not work if you re behind a NAT Probably creates a UDP connection  not independent of  usually ISP s  DNS availability  see other answers for ideas like using 8 8 8 8  Google s  coincidentally also DNS  server  Make sure you make the destination address UNREACHABLE  like a numeric IP address that is spec-guaranteed to be unused  Do NOT use some domain like fakesubdomain google com or somefakewebsite com  you ll still be spamming that party  now or in the future   and spamming your own network boxes as well in the process      Reflector method   Do note that this does not answer the OP s question of the local IP address  e g  192 168     it gives you your public IP address  which might be more desirable depending on use case    You can query some site like whatismyip com  but with an API   such as   from urllib request import urlopen import re def getPublicIp        data   str urlopen  http   checkip dyndns com    read          data     lt html gt  lt head gt  lt title gt Current IP Check lt  title gt  lt  head gt  lt body gt Current IP Address  65 96 168 198 lt  body gt  lt  html gt  r n       return re compile r Address    d    d    d    d     search data  group 1    or if using python2   from urllib import urlopen import re def getPublicIp        data   str urlopen  http   checkip dyndns com    read          data     lt html gt  lt head gt  lt title gt Current IP Check lt  title gt  lt  head gt  lt body gt Current IP Address  65 96 168 198 lt  body gt  lt  html gt  r n       return re compile r Address    d    d    d    d     search data  group 1    Advantages    One upside of this method is it s cross-platform It works from behind ugly NATs  e g  your home router     Disadvantages  and workarounds     Requires this website to be up  the format to not change  almost certainly won t   and your DNS servers to be working  One can mitigate this issue by also querying other third-party IP address reflectors in case of failure  Possible attack vector if you don t query multiple reflectors  to prevent a compromised reflector from telling you that your address is something it s not   or if you don t use HTTPS  to prevent a man-in-the-middle attack pretending to be the server      edit  Though initially I thought these methods were really bad  unless you use many fallbacks  the code may be irrelevant many years from now   it does pose the question  what is the internet    A computer may have many interfaces pointing to many different networks  For a more thorough description of the topic  google for gateways and routes  A computer may be able to access an internal network via an internal gateway  or access the world-wide web via a gateway on for example a router  usually the case   The local IP address that the OP asks about is only well-defined with respect to a single link layer  so you have to specify that   is it the network card  or the ethernet cable  which we re talking about     There may be multiple non-unique answers to this question as posed  However the global IP address on the world-wide web is probably well-defined  in the absence of massive network fragmentation   probably the return path via the gateway which can access the TLDs

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import socket socket gethostbyname socket getfqdn

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As an alias called myip  that should work everywhere  alias myip  quot python -c  import socket  print  l for l in   ip for ip in socket gethostbyname ex socket gethostname    2  if not ip startswith   quot 127   quot     1      s connect    quot 8 8 8 8  quot   53    s getsockname   0   s close    for s in  socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM    0  1    if l  0  0    quot    Works correctly with Python 2 x  Python 3 x  modern and old Linux distros  OSX macOS and Windows for finding the current IPv4 address  Will not return the correct result for machines with multiple IP addresses  IPv6  no configured IP address or no internet access   NOTE  If you intend to use something like this within a Python program  the proper way is to make use of a Python module that has IPv6 support   Same as above  but only the Python code   import socket print  l for l in   ip for ip in socket gethostbyname ex socket gethostname    2  if not ip startswith  quot 127  quot     1      s connect   8 8 8 8   53    s getsockname   0   s close    for s in  socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM    0  1    if l  0  0     This will throw an exception if no IP address is configured    Version that will also work on LANs without an internet connection   import socket print    ip for ip in socket gethostbyname ex socket gethostname    2  if not ip startswith  quot 127  quot    or    s connect   quot 8 8 8 8 quot   53    s getsockname   0   s close    for s in  socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM    0  1        quot no IP found quot    0     thanks  ccpizza   Background  Using socket gethostbyname socket gethostname    did not work here  because one of the computers I was on had an  etc hosts with duplicate entries and references to itself  socket gethostbyname   only returns the last entry in  etc hosts  This was my initial attempt  which weeds out all addresses starting with  quot 127  quot   import socket print  ip for ip in socket gethostbyname ex socket gethostname    2  if not ip startswith  quot 127  quot     1    This works with Python 2 and 3  on Linux and Windows  but does not deal with several network devices or IPv6  However  it stopped working on recent Linux distros  so I tried this alternative technique instead  It tries to connect to the Google DNS server at 8 8 8 8 at port 53  import socket print   s connect   8 8 8 8   53    s getsockname   0   s close    for s in  socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM    0  1    Then I combined the two above techniques into a one-liner that should work everywhere  and created the myip alias and Python snippet at the top of this answer  With the increasing popularity of IPv6  and for servers with multiple network interfaces  using a third-party Python module for finding the IP address is probably both more robust and reliable than any of the methods listed here

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Yet another variant to previous answers  can be saved to an executable script named my-ip-to      usr bin env python  import sys  socket  if len sys argv   gt  1      for remote host in sys argv 1              determine local host ip by outgoing test to another host           use port 9  discard protocol - RFC 863  over UDP4         with socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM  as s              s connect  remote host  9               my ip   s getsockname   0              print my ip  flush True  else      import platform      my name   platform node       my ip   socket gethostbyname my name      print my ip     it takes any number of remote hosts  and print out local ips to reach them one by one     my-ip-to z cn g cn localhost 192 168 11 102 192 168 11 102 127 0 0 1     And print best-bet when no arg is given     my-ip-to 192 168 11 102

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Windows solution  Take it or leave it  gets only the self ip  on the current active wlan wireless LAN  ie the computer s ip on the  wifi router or network switch   note  its not the public ip of the device and does not involve any external requests or packages or public apis  The core idea is to parse the output of shell command  ipconfig  or ifconfig on linux  we are using subprocess to acquire the output  def wlan ip        import subprocess     result subprocess run  ipconfig  stdout subprocess PIPE text True  stdout lower       scan 0     for i in result split   n            if  wireless  in i   use  quot wireless quot  or wireless adapters and  quot ethernet quot  for wired connections             scan 1         if scan              if  ipv4  in i                  return i split      1  strip   print wlan ip     this is what happens after CMD  ipconfig    we get this output  we captured it in python using subprocess output   C  Users dell gt ipconfig  Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi      Connection-specific DNS Suffix         Link-local IPv6 Address             fe80  f485 4a6a e7d5 1b1c 4    IPv4 Address                        192 168 0 131    Subnet Mask                         255 255 255 0    Default Gateway                     192 168 0 1  and we parsed the string in python  in a manner that selects the wireless adapter s ip on current network

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To get the ip address you can use a shell command directly in python  import socket  subprocess  def get ip and hostname        hostname    socket gethostname        shell cmd    quot ifconfig   awk   inet addr  print substr  2 6    quot      proc   subprocess Popen  shell cmd   stdout subprocess PIPE  shell True       out  err    proc communicate        ip list   out split   n       ip   ip list 0       for  ip in ip list          try              if  ip     quot 127 0 0 1 quot  and  ip split  quot   quot   3      quot 1 quot                   ip    ip         except              pass     return ip  hostname  ip addr  hostname   get ip and hostname

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If you don t want to use external packages and don t want to rely on outside Internet servers  this might help  It s a code sample that I found on Google Code Search and modified to return required information   def getIPAddresses        from ctypes import Structure  windll  sizeof     from ctypes import POINTER  byref     from ctypes import c ulong  c uint  c ubyte  c char     MAX ADAPTER DESCRIPTION LENGTH   128     MAX ADAPTER NAME LENGTH   256     MAX ADAPTER ADDRESS LENGTH   8     class IP ADDR STRING Structure           pass     LP IP ADDR STRING   POINTER IP ADDR STRING      IP ADDR STRING  fields                next   LP IP ADDR STRING             ipAddress   c char   16             ipMask   c char   16             context   c ulong       class IP ADAPTER INFO  Structure           pass     LP IP ADAPTER INFO   POINTER IP ADAPTER INFO      IP ADAPTER INFO  fields                next   LP IP ADAPTER INFO             comboIndex   c ulong             adapterName   c char    MAX ADAPTER NAME LENGTH   4              description   c char    MAX ADAPTER DESCRIPTION LENGTH   4              addressLength   c uint             address   c ubyte   MAX ADAPTER ADDRESS LENGTH             index   c ulong             type   c uint             dhcpEnabled   c uint             currentIpAddress   LP IP ADDR STRING             ipAddressList   IP ADDR STRING             gatewayList   IP ADDR STRING             dhcpServer   IP ADDR STRING             haveWins   c uint             primaryWinsServer   IP ADDR STRING             secondaryWinsServer   IP ADDR STRING             leaseObtained   c ulong             leaseExpires   c ulong       GetAdaptersInfo   windll iphlpapi GetAdaptersInfo     GetAdaptersInfo restype   c ulong     GetAdaptersInfo argtypes    LP IP ADAPTER INFO  POINTER c ulong       adapterList    IP ADAPTER INFO   10        buflen   c ulong sizeof adapterList       rc   GetAdaptersInfo byref adapterList 0    byref buflen       if rc    0          for a in adapterList              adNode   a ipAddressList             while True                  ipAddr   adNode ipAddress                 if ipAddr                      yield ipAddr                 adNode   adNode next                 if not adNode                      break   Usage    gt  gt  gt  for addr in getIPAddresses     gt  gt  gt     print addr 192 168 0 100 10 5 9 207   As it relies on windll  this will work only on Windows

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Simple yet sweet   def getip         import socket     hostname  socket gethostname       ip socket gethostbyname hostname       return ip

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pyroute2 is a great library that can be used to obtain not just ip addresses but also gateway information and other useful information  The following code can obtain the ipv4 address of any interface   from pyroute2 import IPRoute ip   IPRoute    def get ipv4 address intf       return dict ip get addr label intf  0   attrs     IFA LOCAL    print get ipv4 address  eth0

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import socket  i 4  0  for i in socket getaddrinfo socket gethostname    None

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I settled for using the service and or API of ipfy  https   www ipify org      usr bin env python3 from urllib request import urlopen   def public ip        data   urlopen  https   api ipify org   read       return str data  encoding  utf-8     print public ip      The response can also be obtained in JSON and JSONP formats   There s an ipify Python library  on Github

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import socket socket gethostbyname socket gethostname      This won t work always  returns 127 0 0 1 on machines having the hostname in  etc hosts as 127 0 0 1   a paliative would be what gimel shows  use socket getfqdn   instead  Of course your machine needs a resolvable hostname

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On Linux    gt  gt  gt  import socket  struct  fcntl  gt  gt  gt  sock   socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK STREAM   gt  gt  gt  sockfd   sock fileno    gt  gt  gt  SIOCGIFADDR   0x8915  gt  gt  gt   gt  gt  gt  def get ip iface    eth0            ifreq   struct pack  16sH14s   iface  socket AF INET    x00  14          try              res   fcntl ioctl sockfd  SIOCGIFADDR  ifreq          except              return None         ip   struct unpack  16sH2x4s8x   res  2          return socket inet ntoa ip        gt  gt  gt  get ip  eth0    10 80 40 234   gt  gt  gt

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Well you can use the command  ip route  on GNU Linux to know your current IP address   This shows the IP given to the interface by the DHCP server running on the router modem  Usually  192 168 1 1 24  is the IP for local network where  24  means the range of posible IP addresses given by the DHCP server within the mask range   Here s an example  Note that PyNotify is just an addition to get my point straight and is not required at all      usr bin env python  import sys   pynotify  if sys version info 1     7     raise RuntimeError  Python 2 7 And Above Only           from subprocess import check output   Available on Python 2 7    N A   IP   check output   ip    route    Split Result   IP split      print Split Result 2    Remove     to enable  pynotify init  image   notify   pynotify Notification  Ip    Server Running At     Split Result 2      home User wireless png       notify show         The advantage of this is that you don t need to specify the network interface  That s pretty useful when running a socket server  You can install PyNotify using easy install or even Pip   easy install py-notify   or  pip install py-notify   or within python script interpreter  from pip import main  main   install    py-notify

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If the computer has a route to the Internet  this will always work to get the preferred local ip address  even if  etc hosts is not set correctly   import socket  s   socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM  s connect   8 8 8 8   1      connect   for UDP doesn t send packets local ip address   s getsockname   0

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I had to solve the problem  Figure out if an IP address is local or not   and my first thought was to build a list of IPs that were local and then match against it  This is what led me to this question  However  I later realized there is a more straightfoward way to do it  Try to bind on that IP and see if it works    local ip cache       nonlocal ip cache      def ip islocal ip       if ip in  local ip cache          return True     if ip in  nonlocal ip cache          return False     s   socket socket       try          try              s bind  ip  0           except socket error  e              if e args 0     errno EADDRNOTAVAIL                   nonlocal ip cache append ip                  return False             else                  raise     finally          s close        local ip cache append ip      return True   I know this doesn t answer the question directly  but this should be helpful to anyone trying to solve the related question and who was following the same train of thought  This has the advantage of being a cross-platform solution  I think

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This method returns the  primary  IP on the local box  the one with a default route     Does NOT need routable net access or any connection at all  Works even if all interfaces are unplugged from the network  Does NOT need or even try to get anywhere else  Works with NAT  public  private  external  and internal IP s Pure Python 2  or 3  with no external dependencies  Works on Linux  Windows  and OSX    Python 3 or 2   import socket def get ip        s   socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM      try            doesn t even have to be reachable         s connect   10 255 255 255   1           IP   s getsockname   0      except Exception          IP    127 0 0 1      finally          s close       return IP   This returns a single IP which is the primary  the one with a default route   If you need instead all IP s attached to all interfaces  including localhost  etc   see this answer   If you are behind a NAT firewall like your wifi box at home  then this will not show your public NAT IP  but instead your private IP on the local network which has a default route to your local WIFI router  getting your wifi router s external IP would either require running this on THAT box  or connecting to an external service such as whatismyip com whatismyipaddress com that could reflect back the IP    but that is completely different from the original question

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For a list of IP addresses on  nix systems   import subprocess co   subprocess Popen   ifconfig    stdout   subprocess PIPE  ifconfig   co stdout read   ip regex   re compile    25 0-5  2 0-4  0-9   01   0-9  0-9      25 0-5  2 0-4  0-9   01   0-9  0-9      25 0-5  2 0-4  0-9   01   0-9  0-9      25 0-4  2 0-5  0-9   01   0-9  0-9        match 0  for match in ip regex findall ifconfig  re MULTILINE     Though it s a bit late for this answer  I thought someone else may find it useful  -   PS   It ll return Broadcast addresses and Netmask as well

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import socket print socket gethostbyname socket getfqdn

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Note  This is not using the standard library  but quite simple     pip install pif  from pif import get public ip get public ip

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This is a variant of UnkwnTech s answer -- it provides a get local addr   function  which returns the primary LAN ip address of the host  I m posting it because this adds a number of things  ipv6 support  error handling  ignoring localhost linklocal addrs  and uses a TESTNET addr  rfc5737  to connect to     imports import errno import socket import logging    localhost prefixes  local networks     127     0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1      ignore these prefixes -- localhost  unspecified  and link-local  ignored networks    local networks     0     0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    169 254     fe80     def detect family addr       if     in addr          assert     not in addr         return socket AF INET     elif     in addr          return socket AF INET6     else          raise ValueError  invalid ipv4 6 address   r    addr   def expand addr addr          convert address into canonical expanded form --     no leading zeroes in groups  and for ipv6  lowercase hex  no collapsed groups              family   detect family addr      addr   socket inet ntop family  socket inet pton family  addr       if      in addr          count   8-addr count              addr   addr replace          0    count                 if addr startswith                   addr    0    addr     return addr  def  get local addr family  remote       try          s   socket socket family  socket SOCK DGRAM          try              s connect  remote  9               return s getsockname   0          finally              s close       except socket error            log info  trapped error connecting to  r via  r   remote  family  exc info True          return None  def get local addr remote None  ipv6 True          get LAN address of host       param remote          return  LAN address that host would use to access that specific remote address          by default  returns address it would use to access the public internet        param ipv6          by default  attempts to find an ipv6 address first          if set to False  only checks ipv4        returns          primary LAN address for host  or   None   if couldn t be determined              if remote          family   detect family remote          local    get local addr family  remote          if not local              return None         if family    socket AF INET6                expand zero groups so the startswith   test works              local   expand addr local          if local startswith  local networks                 border case where remote addr belongs to host             return local     else            NOTE  the two addresses used here are TESTNET addresses                  which should never exist in the real world          if ipv6              local    get local addr socket AF INET6   2001 db8  1234                 expand zero groups so the startswith   test works              if local                  local   expand addr local          else              local   None         if not local              local    get local addr socket AF INET   192 0 2 123               if not local                  return None     if local startswith  ignored networks           return None     return local

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I m afraid there aren t any good platform independent ways to do this other than connecting to another computer and having it send you your IP address   For example   findmyipaddress   Note that this won t work if you need an IP address that s behind NAT unless the computer you re connecting to is behind NAT as well   Here s one solution that works in Linux   get the IP address associated with a network interface

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This answer is my personal attempt to solve the problem of getting the LAN IP  since socket gethostbyname socket gethostname    also returned 127 0 0 1  This method does not require Internet just a LAN connection  Code is for Python 3 x but could easily be converted for 2 x  Using UDP Broadcast   import select import socket import threading from queue import Queue  Empty  def get local ip            def udp listening server                s   socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM              s bind    lt broadcast gt    8888               s setblocking 0              while True                  result   select select  s                         msg  address   result 0  0  recvfrom 1024                  msg   str msg   UTF-8                   if msg     What is my LAN IP address                        break             queue put address           queue   Queue           thread   threading Thread target udp listening server          thread queue   queue         thread start           s2   socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM          s2 setsockopt socket SOL SOCKET  socket SO BROADCAST  1          waiting   True         while waiting              s2 sendto bytes  What is my LAN IP address     UTF-8       lt broadcast gt    8888               try                  address   queue get False              except Empty                  pass             else                  waiting   False         return address 0   if   name         main         print get local ip

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A Python 3 4 version utilizing the newly introduced asyncio package   async get local ip        loop   asyncio get event loop       transport  protocol   await loop create datagram endpoint          asyncio DatagramProtocol          remote addr   8 8 8 8   80       result   transport get extra info  sockname   0       transport close       return result   This is based on UnkwnTech s excellent answer

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One simple way to produce  clean  output via command line utils   import commands ips   commands getoutput   sbin ifconfig   grep -i   inet     grep -iv   inet6                                   awk   print  2     sed -ne  s addr     p    print ips   It will show all IPv4 addresses on the system

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For linux  you can just use check output of the hostname -I system command like so   from subprocess import check output check output   hostname    -I

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from netifaces import interfaces  ifaddresses  AF INET iplist    ifaddresses face  AF INET  0   addr   for face in interfaces   if AF INET in ifaddresses face   print iplist    10 8 0 2    192 168 1 10    127 0 0 1

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netifaces is available via pip and easy install    I know  it s not in base  but it could be worth the install    netifaces does have some oddities across platforms    The localhost loop-back interface may not always be included  Cygwin   Addresses are listed per-protocol  e g   IPv4  IPv6  and protocols are listed per-interface  On some systems  Linux  each protocol-interface pair has its own associated interface  using the interface name n notation  while on other systems  Windows  a single interface will have a list of addresses for each protocol   In both cases there is a protocol list  but it may contain only a single element    Here s some netifaces code to play with   import netifaces  PROTO   netifaces AF INET     We want only IPv4  for now at least    Get list of network interfaces   Note  Can t filter for  lo  here because Windows lacks it  ifaces   netifaces interfaces      Get all addresses  of all kinds  for each interface if addrs    netifaces ifaddresses iface  for iface in ifaces     Filter for the desired address type if inet addrs    addr PROTO  for addr in if addrs if PROTO in addr   iface addrs    s  addr   for a in if inet addrs for s in a if  addr  in s    Can filter for  127 0 0 1  here    The above code doesn t map an address back to its interface name  useful for generating ebtables iptables rules on the fly    So here s a version that keeps the above information with the interface name in a tuple   import netifaces  PROTO   netifaces AF INET     We want only IPv4  for now at least    Get list of network interfaces ifaces   netifaces interfaces      Get addresses for each interface if addrs     netifaces ifaddresses iface   iface  for iface in ifaces     Filter for only IPv4 addresses if inet addrs     tup 0  PROTO   tup 1   for tup in if addrs if PROTO in tup 0    iface addrs     s  addr    tup 1   for tup in if inet addrs for s in tup 0  if  addr  in s    And  no  I m not in love with list comprehensions   It s just the way my brain works these days   The following snippet will print it all out   from   future   import print function    For 2 x folks from pprint import pprint as pp  print   nifaces      end     pp ifaces   print   nif addrs      end     pp if addrs   print   nif inet addrs      end     pp if inet addrs   print   niface addrs      end     pp iface addrs    Enjoy

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im using following module      usr bin python   module for getting the lan ip address of the computer  import os import socket  if os name     nt       import fcntl     import struct     def get interface ip ifname           s   socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM          return socket inet ntoa fcntl ioctl                  s fileno                    0x8915     SIOCGIFADDR                 struct pack  256s   bytes ifname  15    utf-8                      Python 2 7  remove the second argument for the bytes call               20 24    def get lan ip        ip   socket gethostbyname socket gethostname        if ip startswith  127    and os name     nt           interfaces     eth0   eth1   eth2   wlan0   wlan1   wifi0   ath0   ath1   ppp0           for ifname in interfaces              try                  ip   get interface ip ifname                  break              except IOError                  pass     return ip   Tested with windows and linux  and doesnt require additional modules for those  intended for use on systems which are in a single IPv4 based LAN   The fixed list of interface names does not work for recent linux versions  which have adopted the systemd v197 change regarding predictable interface names as pointed out by Alexander  In such cases  you need to manually replace the list with the interface names on your system  or use another solution like netifaces

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On Debian  tested  and I suspect most Linux s    import commands  RetMyIP   commands getoutput  hostname -I     On MS Windows  tested    import socket  socket gethostbyname socket gethostname

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Ok so this is Windows specific  and requires the installation of the  python WMI module  but it seems much less hackish than constantly trying to call an external server  It s just another option  as there are already many good ones  but it might be a good fit for your project   Import WMI  def getlocalip        local   wmi WMI       for interface in local Win32 NetworkAdapterConfiguration IPEnabled 1           for ip address in interface IPAddress              if ip address     0 0 0 0                   localip   ip address     return localip         gt  gt  gt getlocalip   u xxx xxx xxx xxx   gt  gt  gt    By the way  WMI is very powerful    if you are doing any remote admin of window machines you should definitely check out what it can do

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127 0 1 1 is your real IP address  More generally speaking  a computer can have any number of IP addresses  You can filter them for private networks - 127 0 0 0 8  10 0 0 0 8  172 16 0 0 12 and 192 168 0 0 16   However  there is no cross-platform way to get all IP addresses  On Linux  you can use the SIOCGIFCONF ioctl

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A machine can have multiple network interfaces  including the local loopback 127 0 0 1  you mentioned  As far as the OS is concerned  it s also a  real IP address     If you want to track all of interfaces  have a look at the following Puthon package   http   alastairs-place net netifaces   I think you can avoid having gethostbyname return 127 0 0 1 if you ommit the loopback entry from your hosts file   to be verified

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import netifaces as ni   ni ifaddresses  eth0   ip   ni ifaddresses  eth0   ni AF INET  0   addr   print ip    This will return you the IP address in the Ubuntu system as well as MacOS  The output will be the system IP address as like my IP  192 168 1 10

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For a linux env  read the  proc net tcp  the second  localaddress  and third  remoteaddress  will give the IPs at hexa format   Tip  If second column is zeroed  00000000 0000  so its a Listen Port     https   github com romol0s python blob master general functions getTcpListenIpsByPort py  https   www kernel org doc Documentation networking proc net tcp txt

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If you re looking for an IPV4 address different from your localhost IP address 127 0 0 1  here is a neat piece of python codes   import subprocess address   subprocess check output   hostname    -s    -I    address   address decode  utf-8    address address  -1    Which can also be written in a single line   address   subprocess check output   hostname    -s    -I    decode  utf-8    -1    Even if you put localhost in  etc hostname  the code will still give your local IP address

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Variation on ninjagecko s answer  This should work on any LAN that allows UDP broadcast and doesn t require access to an address on the LAN or internet   import socket def getNetworkIp        s   socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM      s setsockopt socket SOL SOCKET  socket SO BROADCAST  1      s connect    lt broadcast gt    0       return s getsockname   0   print  getNetworkIp

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This will work on most linux boxes   import socket  subprocess  re def get ipv4 address                Returns IP address es  of current machine       return              p   subprocess Popen   ifconfig    stdout subprocess PIPE      ifc resp   p communicate       patt   re compile r inet s  w  S   s   d 1 3    d 1 3    d 1 3    d 1 3         resp   patt findall ifc resp 0       print resp  get ipv4 address

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A version I do not believe that has been posted yet   I tested with python 2 7 on Ubuntu 12 04   Found this solution at   http   code activestate com recipes 439094-get-the-ip-address-associated-with-a-network-inter   import socket import fcntl import struct  def get ip address ifname       s   socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM      return socket inet ntoa fcntl ioctl          s fileno            0x8915     SIOCGIFADDR         struct pack  256s   ifname  15         20 24     Example Result    gt  gt  gt  get ip address  eth0    38 113 228 130

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FYI I can verify that the method   import socket addr   socket gethostbyname socket gethostname      Works in OS X  10 6 10 5   Windows XP  and on a well administered RHEL department server   It did not work on a very minimal CentOS VM that I just do some kernel hacking on   So for that instance you can just check for a 127 0 0 1 address and in that case do the following   if addr     127 0 0 1        import commands      output   commands getoutput   sbin ifconfig        addr   parseaddress output    And then parse the ip address from the output   It should be noted that ifconfig is not in a normal user s PATH by default and that is why I give the full path in the command   I hope this helps

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You can use the netifaces module  Just type   pip install netifaces   in your command shell and it will install itself on default Python installation   Then you can use it like this   from netifaces import interfaces  ifaddresses  AF INET for ifaceName in interfaces        addresses    i  addr   for i in ifaddresses ifaceName  setdefault AF INET     addr   No IP addr           print   s   s     ifaceName       join addresses     On my computer it printed    45639BDC-1050-46E0-9BE9-075C30DE1FBC   192 168 0 100  D43A468B-F3AE-4BF9-9391-4863A4500583   10 5 9 207  Author of this module claims it should work on Windows  UNIX and Mac OS X

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I just found this but it seems a bit hackish  however they say tried it on  nix and I did on windows and it worked   import socket s   socket socket socket AF INET  socket SOCK DGRAM  s connect   8 8 8 8   80   print s getsockname   0   s close     This assumes you have an internet access  and that there is no local proxy

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I use this on my ubuntu machines   import commands commands getoutput   sbin ifconfig   split   n   1  split   1  5     This doesn t work

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This isn t very Pythonic  but it works reliably on Windows   def getWinIP version    IPv4        import subprocess     if version not in   IPv4    IPv6            print  error - protocol version must be  IPv4  or  IPv6           return None     ipconfig   subprocess check output  ipconfig       my ip          for line in ipconfig split   n            if  Address  in line and version in line              my ip append line split        1  strip        return my ip  print getWinIP     Yeah  it s a hack  but at times I don t feel like second-guessing an operating system  and just go ahead and use what s built-in and works

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