AWS EFS vs EBS vs S3 differences when to use

Question

As per the title of this question  what are the practical differences between AWS EFS  EBS and S3   My understanding of each    S3 is a storage facility accessible any where EBS is a device you can mount onto EC2 EFS is a file system you can mount onto EC2   So why would I use EBS over EFS  Seem like they have the same use cases but minor semantic differences  Although EFS is replicated across AZs where as EBS is just a mounted device  I guess my understanding of EBS is lacking hence I m unable to distinguish    Why choose S3 over EFS  They both store files  scale and are replicated  I guess with S3 you have to use the SDK where as with EFS being a file system you can you standard I O methods from your programming language of choice to create files  But is that the only real difference

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EFS  amp  S3 have the same purpose  you can store any kind of object or files   But for me the only difference is EFS is allowing you to have a traditional file system in the VM EC2  cloud with more flexibility like you can attach to multiple instances    S3  on the other hand  is a separate flexible and elastic server for your objects  It can be used for your static files  images  videos or even hosting static app  js    EBS is obviously for block storage where you can install OS or anything related to your OS

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I wonder why people are not highlighting the MOST compelling reason in favor of EFS  EFS can be mounted on more than one EC2 instance at the same time  enabling access to files on EFS at the same time    Edit 2020 May  EBS supports mounting to multiple EC2 at same time now as well  see   https   docs aws amazon com AWSEC2 latest UserGuide ebs-volumes-multi html

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In simple words   Amazon EBS provides block level storage    Amazon EFS provides network-attached shared file storage   Amazon S3  provides object storage

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One word answer  MONEY  D   1 GB to store in US-East-1   Updated at 2016 dec 20    Glacier   0 004 Month  Note  Major price cut in 2016  S3        0 023 Month S3-IA  announced in 2015 09            0 0125 Month    0 01 gig retrieval charge  EBS       0 045-0 1 Month  depends on speed - SSD or not    IOPS costs EFS       0 3 Month   Further storage options  which may be used for temporary storing data while before processing it    SNS SQS Kinesis stream DynamoDB  SimpleDB   The costs above are just samples  There can be differences by region  and it can change at any point  Also there are extra costs for data transfer  out to the internet   However they show a ratio between the prices of the services   There are a lot more differences between these services   EFS is    Generally Available  out of preview   but may not yet be available in your region  Network filesystem  that means it may have bigger latency but it can be shared across several instances  even between regions  It is expensive compared to EBS   10x more  but it gives extra features  It s a highly available service  It s a managed service You can attach the EFS storage to an EC2 Instance Can be accessed by multiple EC2 instances simultaneously Since 2016 dec 20 it s possible to attach your EFS storage directly to on-premise servers via Direct Connect       EBS is    A block storage  so you need to format it   This means you are able to choose which type of file system you want  As it s a block storage  you can use Raid 1  or 0 or 10  with multiple block storages It is really fast It is relatively cheap With the new announcements from Amazon  you can store up to 16TB data per storage on SSD-s  You can snapshot an EBS  while it s still running  for backup reasons But it only exists in a particular region  Although you can migrate it to another region  you cannot just access it across regions  only if you share it via the EC2  but that means you have a file server  You need an EC2 instance to attach it to New feature  2017 Feb 15   You can now increase volume size  adjust performance  or change the volume type while the volume is in use  You can continue to use your application while the change takes effect     S3 is    An object store  not a file system   You can store files and  folders  but can t have locks  permissions etc like you would with a traditional file system This means  by default you can t just mount S3 and use it as your webserver But it s perfect for storing your images and videos for your website Great for short term archiving  e g  a few weeks   It s good for long term archiving too  but Glacier is more cost efficient  Great for storing logs You can access the data from every region  extra costs may apply  Highly Available  Redundant  Basically data loss is not possible  99 999999999  durability  99 9 uptime SLA  Much cheaper than EBS  You can serve the content directly to the internet  you can even have a full  static  website working direct from S3  without an EC2 instance   Glacier is    Long term archive storage Extremely cheap to store Potentially very expensive to retrieve Takes up to 4 hours to  read back  your data  so only store items you know you won t need to retrieve for a long time    As it got mentioned in JDL s comment  there are several interesting aspects in terms of pricing  For example Glacier  S3  EFS allocates the storage for you based on your usage  while at EBS you need to predefine the allocated storage  Which means  you need to over estimate    However it s easy to add more storage to your EBS volumes  it requires some engineering  which means you always  overpay  your EBS storage  which makes it even more expensive    Source  AWS Storage Update     New Lower Cost S3 Storage Option  amp  Glacier Price Reduction

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Amazon EBS provides block level storage - It is used to create a filesystem on it and store files   Amazon EFS - its shared storage system similar like NAS SAN  You need to mount it to unix server and use it  Amazon S3 - It is object based storage where each item is stored with a http URL    One of the difference is - EBS can be attached to 1 instance at a time and  EFS can be attached to multiple instances that why shared storage   S2 plain object storage cannot be mounted

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Fixing the comparison    S3 is a storage facility accessible any where EBS is a device you can mount onto EC2 EFS is a file system you can mount onto several EC2 instances at the same time   At this point it s a little premature to compare EFS and EBS- the performance of EFS isn t known  nor is its reliability known   Why would you use S3    You don t have a need for the files to be  local  to one or more EC2 instances   effectively  infinite capacity built-in web serving  authentication

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Apart from price and features  the throughput also varies greatly  as mentioned by user1677120    EBS  Taken from EBS docs     EBS volume   Throughput             Throughput                 type        MiB s              dependent on             ------------ ------------ -------------------------------    gp2  SSD     128-160      volume size                       io1  SSD     0 25-500     IOPS  256Kib s per IOPS           st1  HDD     20-500       volume size  40Mib s per TiB      sc1  HDD     6-250        volume size  12Mib s per TiB      Note  that for io1  st1 and sc1 you can burst throughput traffic to at least 125Mib s  but to 500Mib s  depending on volume size   You can further increase throughput by e g  deploying EBS volumes as RAID0  EFS  Taken from EFS docs    Filesystem      Base        Burst           Size      Throughput   Throughput        GiB         MiB s        MiB s       ------------ ------------ ------------            10          0 5          100            256         12 5          100            512         25 0          100           1024         50 0          100           1536         75 0          150           2048        100 0          200           3072        150 0          300           4096        200 0          400     The base throughput is guaranteed  burst throughput uses up credits you gathered while being below the base throughput  so you ll only have this for a limited time  see here for more details   S3  S3 is a total different thing  so it cannot really be compared to EBS and EFS  Plus  There are no published throughput metrics for S3  You can improve throughput by downloading in parallel  I somewhere read AWS states you would have basically unlimited throughput this way   or adding CloudFront to the mix

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EBS is simple - block level storage which can be attached to an instance from same AZ  and can survive irrespective of instance life   However  interesting difference is between EFS and S3  and to identify proper use cases for it   Cost  EFS is approximately 10 times costly than S3   Usecases     Whenever we have thousands of instances who needs to process file simultaneously EFS is recommended over S3   Also note that S3 is object based storage while EFS is file based it implies that whenever we have requirement that files are updated continuously  refreshed  we should use EFS  S3 is eventually consistent while EFS is strong consistent  In case you can t afford eventual consistency  you should use EFS

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AWS EFS  EBS and S3  From Functional Standpoint  here is the difference EFS   Network filesystem  can be shared across several Servers  even between regions  The same is not available for EBS case  This can be used esp for storing the ETL programs without the risk of security  Highly available  scalable service   Running any application that has a high workload  requires scalable storage  and must produce output quickly   It can provide higher throughput  It match sudden file system growth  even for workloads up to 500 000 IOPS or 10 GB per second   Lift-and-shift application support  EFS is elastic  available  and scalable  and enables you to move enterprise applications easily and quickly without needing to re-architect them   Analytics for big data  It has the ability to run big data applications  which demand significant node throughput  low-latency file access  and read-after-write operations    EBS   for NoSQL databases   EBS offers NoSQL databases the low-latency performance and dependability they need for peak performance   S3  Robust performance  scalability  and availability  Amazon S3 scales storage resources free from resource procurement cycles or investments upfront  2 Data lake and big data analytics  Create a data lake to hold raw data in its native format  then using machine learning tools  analytics to draw insights   Backup and restoration  Secure  robust backup and restoration solutions Data archiving S3 is an object store good at storing vast numbers of backups or user files  Unlike EBS or EFS  S3 is not limited to EC2  Files stored within an S3 bucket can be accessed programmatically or directly from services such as AWS CloudFront  Many websites use it to hold their content and media files  which may be served efficiently via AWS CloudFront

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To add to the comparison   burst read write-performance on EFS depends on gathered credits  Gathering of credits depends on the amount of data you store on it  More date -  more credits  That means that when you only need a few GB of storage which is read or written often you will run out of credits very soon and througphput drops to about 50kb s   The only way to fix this  in my case  was to add large dummy files to increase the rate credits are earned  However more storage -  more cost

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The main difference between EBS and EFS is that EBS is only accessible from a single EC2 instance in your particular AWS region  while EFS allows you to mount the file system across multiple regions and instances  Finally  Amazon S3 is an object store good at storing vast numbers of backups or user files

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This question is very much answered by other people  I just want to make a point whenever deciding on any service to be in AWS is that understanding the use case for each and also see the solution that the service will provide in terms of the Well-Architected Framework  do you need High Availability  Fault Torelant  Cost optimization  This will help to decide on any kind of service to be used

[amazon-web-services] AWS EFS vs EBS vs S3 (differences & when to use?)

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