way mentioned by @dirkgently ( v.begin() + index )
nice and fast for vectors
but std::advance
( v.begin(), index )
most generic way and for random access iterators works constant time too.
EDIT
differences in usage:
std::vector<>::iterator it = ( v.begin() + index );
or
std::vector<>::iterator it = v.begin();
std::advance( it, index );
added after @litb notes.