[sql] Use SELECT inside an UPDATE query

How can I UPDATE a field of a table with the result of a SELECT query in Microsoft Access 2007.

Here's the Select Query:

SELECT Min(TAX.Tax_Code) AS MinOfTax_Code
FROM TAX, FUNCTIONS

WHERE (((FUNCTIONS.Func_Pure)<=[Tax_ToPrice]) AND ((FUNCTIONS.Func_Year)=[Tax_Year]))

GROUP BY FUNCTIONS.Func_ID;

And here's the Update Query:

UPDATE FUNCTIONS

 SET FUNCTIONS.Func_TaxRef = [Result of Select query]

I had a similar problem. I wanted to find a string in one column and put that value in another column in the same table. The select statement below finds the text inside the parens.

When I created the query in Access I selected all fields. On the SQL view for that query, I replaced the mytable.myfield for the field I wanted to have the value from inside the parens with

SELECT Left(Right(OtherField,Len(OtherField)-InStr((OtherField),"(")), 
            Len(Right(OtherField,Len(OtherField)-InStr((OtherField),"(")))-1) 

I ran a make table query. The make table query has all the fields with the above substitution and ends with INTO NameofNewTable FROM mytable

Does this work? Untested but should get the point across.

UPDATE FUNCTIONS
SET Func_TaxRef = 
(
  SELECT Min(TAX.Tax_Code) AS MinOfTax_Code
  FROM TAX, FUNCTIONS F1
  WHERE F1.Func_Pure <= [Tax_ToPrice]
    AND F1.Func_Year=[Tax_Year]
    AND F1.Func_ID = FUNCTIONS.Func_ID
  GROUP BY F1.Func_ID;
)

Basically for each row in FUNCTIONS, the subquery determines the minimum current tax code and sets FUNCTIONS.Func_TaxRef to that value. This is assuming that FUNCTIONS.Func_ID is a Primary or Unique key.

I know this topic is old, but I thought I could add something to it.

I could not make an Update with Select query work using SQL in MS Access 2010. I used Tomalak's suggestion to make this work. I had a screenshot, but am apparently too much of a newb on this site to be able to post it.

I was able to do this using the Query Design tool, but even as I was looking at a confirmed successful update query, Access was not able to show me the SQL that made it happen. So I could not make this work with SQL code alone.

I created and saved my select query as a separate query. In the Query Design tool, I added the table I'm trying to update the the select query I had saved (I put the unique key in the select query so it had a link between them). Just as Tomalak had suggested, I changed the Query Type to Update. I then just had to choose the fields (and designate the table) I was trying to update. In the "Update To" fields, I typed in the name of the fields from the select query I had brought in.

This format was successful and updated the original table.

I wrote about some of the limitations of correlated subqueries in Access/JET SQL a while back, and noted the syntax for joining multiple tables for SQL UPDATEs. Based on that info and some quick testing, I don't believe there's any way to do what you want with Access/JET in a single SQL UPDATE statement. If you could, the statement would read something like this:

UPDATE FUNCTIONS A
INNER JOIN (
  SELECT AA.Func_ID, Min(BB.Tax_Code) AS MinOfTax_Code
  FROM TAX BB, FUNCTIONS AA
  WHERE AA.Func_Pure<=BB.Tax_ToPrice AND AA.Func_Year= BB.Tax_Year
  GROUP BY AA.Func_ID
) B 
ON B.Func_ID = A.Func_ID
SET A.Func_TaxRef = B.MinOfTax_Code

Alternatively, Access/JET will sometimes let you get away with saving a subquery as a separate query and then joining it in the UPDATE statement in a more traditional way. So, for instance, if we saved the SELECT subquery above as a separate query named FUNCTIONS_TAX, then the UPDATE statement would be:

UPDATE FUNCTIONS
INNER JOIN FUNCTIONS_TAX
ON FUNCTIONS.Func_ID = FUNCTIONS_TAX.Func_ID
SET FUNCTIONS.Func_TaxRef = FUNCTIONS_TAX.MinOfTax_Code

However, this still doesn't work.

I believe the only way you will make this work is to move the selection and aggregation of the minimum Tax_Code value out-of-band. You could do this with a VBA function, or more easily using the Access DLookup function. Save the GROUP BY subquery above to a separate query named FUNCTIONS_TAX and rewrite the UPDATE statement as:

UPDATE FUNCTIONS
SET Func_TaxRef = DLookup(
  "MinOfTax_Code", 
  "FUNCTIONS_TAX", 
  "Func_ID = '" & Func_ID & "'"
)

Note that the DLookup function prevents this query from being used outside of Access, for instance via JET OLEDB. Also, the performance of this approach can be pretty terrible depending on how many rows you're targeting, as the subquery is being executed for each FUNCTIONS row (because, of course, it is no longer correlated, which is the whole point in order for it to work).

Good luck!

I did want to add one more answer that utilizes a VBA function, but it does get the job done in one SQL statement. Though, it can be slow.

UPDATE FUNCTIONS
SET FUNCTIONS.Func_TaxRef = DLookUp("MinOfTax_Code", "SELECT
FUNCTIONS.Func_ID,Min(TAX.Tax_Code) AS MinOfTax_Code
FROM TAX, FUNCTIONS
WHERE (((FUNCTIONS.Func_Pure)<=[Tax_ToPrice]) AND ((FUNCTIONS.Func_Year)=[Tax_Year]))
GROUP BY FUNCTIONS.Func_ID;", "FUNCTIONS.Func_ID=" & Func_ID)