Write applications in C or C for Android

Question

I m trying to develop port a game to Android  but it s in C  and Android supports Java  but I m sure there must be a way to get a C app on there  anyone knows of a way to accomplish this

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Since 2009 there is a development on this matter  Necessitas - Qt C   framework  for Android Getting started video

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Take a look at google ndk group it looks promising  first version of the NDK will be available in 1H2009   Update  And it is released http   android-developers blogspot com 2009 06 introducing-android-15-ndk-release-1 html

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I m not sure the NDK provides full coverage of the official Java API   From http   developer android com sdk ndk index html overview       Please note that the NDK does not   enable you to develop native-only   applications  Android s primary   runtime remains the Dalvik virtual   machine

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For anyone coming to this via Google  note that starting from SDK 1 6 Android now has an official native SDK    You can download the Android NDK  Native Development Kit  from here   https   developer android com ndk downloads index html  Also there is an blog post about the NDK  http   android-developers blogspot com 2009 06 introducing-android-15-ndk-release-1 html

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Google has released a Native Development Kit  NDK   according to http   www youtube com watch v Z5whfaLH1-E at 00 07 30    Hopefully the information will be updated on the google groups page  http   groups google com group android-ndk   as it says it hasn t been released yet   I m not sure where to get a simple download for it  but I ve heard that you can get a copy of the NDK from Google s Git repository under the donut branch

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The Android NDK is a toolset that lets you implement parts of your app in native code  using languages such as C and C    For certain types of apps  this can help you reuse code libraries written in those languages   For more info on how to get started with native development  follow this link   Sample applications can be found here

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There is a plan to allow C C   libraries in the next SDK version of Android  Codename Eclair  To date  it s not possible through the Android Java SDK   However  you can grab the HUGE open source project  roll your own libraries  and then flash your own device   but anyone who wants to use your library will have to flash your custom build as well

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The official position seems to be that this isn t something you d ever  want to do   See this thread on the Android Developers list  Google envisage android running on a variety of different devices  CPUs  displays  etc   The best way to enable development is therefore to use  portable  managed code that targets the Dalvik VM  For this reason  the Android SDK doesn t support C C     BUT  take a look at this page      Android includes a set of C C     libraries used by various components   of the Android system  These   capabilities are exposed to developers   through the Android application   framework    The managed application framework appears to be layered on-top of these libraries  The page goes on to list the C C   libs  standard C library  media  3D  SQL lite  and others   So all you need is a compiler chain that will compile C C   to the appropriate CPU  ARM  in the case of the G1   Some brief instructions on how to do this are here   What I don t know is where to find descriptions of the APIs that these libraries provide  I d guess there may be header files buried in the SDK somewhere  but documentation may be sketchy missing  But I think it can be done   Hope thats useful  For the record  I haven t written any native android apps - just a few simple managed ones   Andy

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You can use nestedvm to translate C  or other GCC languages  into Java bytecode  and use that as the basis of your port  For example  see the Android port of Simon Tathams portable puzzle collection   I expect this method is made obsolete by the NDK  but it might not be in if some networks or something don t allow people to upgrade their phones

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Google just released the NDK which allows exactly that   http   feedproxy google com  r blogspot hsDu  3 2foWz7hwFtE introducing-android-15-ndk-release-1 html   It can be found here  http   developer android com sdk ndk 1 5 r1 index html

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Native C c    Files libstdc     from your Ubuntu are x86  or x86 64  binaries but  Android devices and emulators are ARM  Of course  this will not work  anyway  even if you ll set correct soname  This is very naive way which  leads nowhere   Android has very limited support of C   meaning there is no exceptions   standard C   library  including STL  and RTTI  If you need such  functionality  use my custom NDK distribution from http   crystax net android ndk php - it support full C   features listed above  Why is there error  undefined reference to    cxa end cleanup  link error  Android stlport time  Because there is no link to libstdc      A  So wrong  Because it uses some static library  it is necessary to link the full libstdc      A  Can http   crystax net android ndk php here to download the package sources   cxx-stl   gnu-libstdc       libs   armeabi directory  Android on its own libstdc     support is limited  it must be linked to a complete libstdc      A the job  Add file in Android mk  LOCAL LDFLAGS      LOCAL PATH    libs   libcurl a       LOCAL PATH    libs   liblua a        LOCAL PATH    libs   libstdc      A     And LOCAL CPPFLAGS    -lstdc    -fexceptions can be compiled

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Normally  you have to    Install Google Android NDK  It contains libs  headers  makfile examples and gcc toolchain Build an executable from your C code for ARM  optimize and link it with provided libs if required Connect to a phone using provided adb interface and test your executable   If you are looking to sell an app    Build a library from your C code Create simple Java code which will use this library Embed this library into  application package file Test your app Sell it or distribute it for free

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You can download c4droid and then install the GCC plugin and install to your SD  From the shell I just traverse to the directory where the GCC binary is and then call it to make an on board executable   find   -name gcc   mnt sdcard Android data com n0n3m4 droidc files gcc bin arm-linux-androideabi-gcc  cat   test c   include lt stdio h gt  int main      printf  hello arm  n    return 0        arm-linux-androideabi-gcc test c -o test    test  hello arm

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Looking at this it seems it is possible    http   openhandsetmagazine com 2007 11 running-c-native-applications-on-android-the-final-point   now only available via the WayBack Machine        the fact is only Java language is supported doesn   t mean that you cannot develop applications in other languages  This have been proved by many developers  hackers and experts in application development for mobile  The guys at Elements Interactive B V   the company behind Edgelib library  succeeded to run native C   applications on the Android platform  even that at this time there is still many issues on display and sound     etc  This include the S-Tris2 game and a 3D animation demo of Edgelib

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I do not know a tutorial but a good development tool  Airplay SDK from Ideaworks Labs   Recently rebranded  Marmelade   Using C C   you can build apps for Windows Mobile  iPhones  Android  The only component I didn t like was the GUI composer - a buggy one  but you always can substitute it with the Notepad

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This three steps are good to have and store in this post   1  How to port native c code on android  2  http   www integratingstuff com 2010 12 12 calling-native-c-code-through-jni-in-android-applications   3  http   mindtherobot com blog 452 android-beginners-ndk-setup-step-by-step

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Maybe you are looking for this   http   www mosync com   It is a middle layer for developing for several mobile platforms using c

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Short answer  You can t    Backslash17   Looking through the article and the following link with installation instructions  all the company got working is to launch a self compiled executable on the emulator  bypassing the android framework  Once you have the emulator you can telnet in and have a linux shell  Running a linux program there is trivial of course  But that s not working for phones without jailbreak aka root access  and not deliverable on the market   Unless Google opens other opportunities or someone writes a custom compiler that compiles Language X into Dalvik bytecode  Dalvik is the VM that runs Android programs  you won t be able to write native code

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This blog post may be a good start  http   benno id au blog 2007 11 13 android-native-apps Unfortunately  lots of the important stuff is  left as an exercise to the reader

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Google has already launched Google I O 2011  Bringing C and C   Games to Android session which is available at http   www youtube com watch v 5yorhsSPFG4  which is good to understand the use of NDK for writing application in c and c   for android    If you just want to cross compile any console based native game and run them on android then this Article has shown  3 methods for the same   1  Static compilation using standalone toolchain  2  Cross compilation using Android NDK   s toolchain  3  Cross compilation using AOSP source code

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