What is the difference between SQL PL-SQL and T-SQL

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What is the difference between SQL  PL-SQL and T-SQL   Can anyone explain what the differences between these three are  and provide scenarios where each would be relevantly used

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1  SQL or Structured Query Language was developed by IBM for their product  quot System R quot   Later ANSI made it as a Standard on which all Query Languages are based upon and have extended this to create their own DataBase Query Language suits  The first standard was SQL-86 and latest being SQL 2016 2  T-SQL or Transact-SQL was developed by Sybase and later co-owned by Microsoft SQL Server  3  PL SQL or Procedural Language SQL was Oracle Database  known as  quot Relation Software quot  that time  I ve documented this in my blog post

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SQL a language for talking to the database  It lets you select data  mutate and create database objects  like tables  views  etc    change database settings  PL-SQL a procedural programming language  with embedded SQL   T-SQL  procedural  extensions for SQL used by SQL Server

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SQL is a standard and there are many database vendors like Microsoft Oracle who implements this standard using their own proprietary language   Microsoft uses T-SQL to implement SQL standard to interact with data whereas oracle uses PL SQL

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SQL      SQL is used to communicate with a database  it is the standard   language for relational database management systems    In detail Structured Query Language is a special-purpose programming language designed for managing data held in a relational database management system  RDBMS   or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system  RDSMS    Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus  SQL consists of a data definition language and a data manipulation language  The scope of SQL includes data insert  query  update and delete  schema creation and modification  and data access control  Although SQL is often described as  and to a great extent is  a declarative language  4GL   it also includes procedural elements   PL SQL   PL SQL is a combination of SQL along with the procedural features of programming languages  It was developed by Oracle Corporation     Specialities of PL SQL    completely portable  high-performance transaction-processing language  provides a built-in interpreted and OS independent programming environment  directly be called from the command-line SQL Plus interface  Direct call can also be made from external programming language calls to database  general syntax is based on that of ADA and Pascal programming language  Apart from Oracle  it is available in TimesTen in-memory database and IBM DB2    T-SQL  Short for Transaction-SQL  an extended form of SQL that adds declared variables  transaction control  error and exceptionhandling and row processing to SQL  The Structured Query Language or SQL is a programming language that focuses on managing relational databases  SQL has its own limitations which spurred the software giant Microsoft to build on top of SQL with their own extensions to enhance the functionality of SQL  Microsoft added code to SQL and called it Transact-SQL or T-SQL  Keep in mind that T-SQL is proprietary and is under the control of Microsoft while SQL  although developed by IBM  is already an open format   T-SQL adds a number of features that are not available in SQL    This includes procedural programming elements and a local variable to provide more flexible control of how the application flows  A number of functions were also added to T-SQL to make it more powerful  functions for mathematical operations  string operations  date and time processing  and the like  These additions make T-SQL comply with the Turing completeness test  a test that determines the universality of a computing language  SQL is not Turing complete and is very limited in the scope of what it can do   Another significant difference between T-SQL and SQL is the changes done to the DELETE and UPDATE commands that are already available in SQL  With T-SQL  the DELETE and UPDATE commands both allow the inclusion of a FROM clause which allows the use of JOINs  This simplifies the filtering of records to easily pick out the entries that match a certain criteria unlike with SQL where it can be a bit more complicated   Choosing between T-SQL and SQL is all up to the user  Still  using T-SQL is still better when you are dealing with Microsoft SQL Server installations  This is because T-SQL is also from Microsoft  and using the two together maximizes compatibility  SQL is preferred by people who have multiple backends   References    Wikipedea   Tutorial Points   www differencebetween com

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SQL is a query language to operate on sets   It is more or less standardized  and used by almost all relational database management systems  SQL Server  Oracle  MySQL  PostgreSQL  DB2  Informix  etc  PL SQL is a proprietary procedural language used by Oracle PL pgSQL is a procedural language used by PostgreSQL TSQL is a proprietary procedural language used by Microsoft in SQL Server    Procedural languages are designed to extend SQL s abilities while being able to integrate well with SQL  Several features such as local variables and string data processing are added  These features make the language Turing-complete   They are also used to write stored procedures  pieces of code residing on the server to manage complex business rules that are hard or impossible to manage with pure set-based operations

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Structured Query Language - SQL  is an ANSI-standard used by almost all SGBD s vendors around the world  Basically  SQL is a language used to define and manipulate data  DDL and DML    PL SQL is a language created by Oracle universe  PL SQL combine programming procedural instructions and allows the creation of programs that operates directly on database scenario   T-SQL is Microsoft product align SQL patterns  with some peculiarities  So  feel free to test your limits

[sql] What is the difference between SQL, PL-SQL and T-SQL?

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