Given these two commands
A:
$ java -Xms10G -Xmx10G myjavacode input.txt
B:
$ java -Xms5G -Xmx5G myjavacode input.txt
I have two questions:
-Xmx
and -Xms
affect the running process and the output of my program?This question is related to
java
performance
jvm-arguments
The -Xmx
argument defines the max memory size that the heap can reach for the JVM. You must know your program well and see how it performs under load and set this parameter accordingly. A low value can cause OutOfMemoryExceptions or a very poor performance if your program's heap memory is reaching the maximum heap size. If your program is running in dedicated server you can set this parameter higher because it wont affect other programs.
The -Xms
argument sets the initial heap memory size for the JVM. This means that when you start your program the JVM will allocate this amount of memory instantly. This is useful if your program will consume a large amount of heap memory right from the start. This avoids the JVM to be constantly increasing the heap and can gain some performance there. If you don't know if this parameter is going to help you, don't use it.
In summary, this is a compromise that you have to decide based only in the memory behavior of your program.
I have found that in some cases too much memory can slow the program down.
For example I had a hibernate based transform engine that started running slowly as the load increased. It turned out that each time we got an object from the db, hibernate was checking memory for objects that would never be used again.
The solution was to evict the old objects from the session.
Stuart
> C:\java -X
-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
-Xint interpreted mode execution only
-Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
-Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
-Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
-Xloggc:<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
-Xbatch disable background compilation
-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
-Xprof output cpu profiling data
-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
-Xrs reduce use of OS signals by Java/VM (see documentation)
-Xcheck:jni perform additional checks for JNI functions
-Xshare:off do not attempt to use shared class data
-Xshare:auto use shared class data if possible (default)
-Xshare:on require using shared class data, otherwise fail.
The -X
options are non-standard and subject to change without notice.
(copy-paste)
The speed tradeoffs between various settings of -Xms and -Xmx depend on the application and system that you run your Java application on. It also depends on your JVM and other garbage collection parameters you use.
This question is 11 years old, and since then the effects of the JVM parameters on performance have become even harder to predict in advance. So you can try different values and see the effects on performance, or use a free tool like Optimizer Studio that will find the optimal JVM parameter values automatically.
It is difficult to say how the memory allocation will affect your speed. It depends on the garbage collection algorithm the JVM is using. For example if your garbage collector needs to pause to do a full collection, then if you have 10 more memory than you really need then the collector will have 10 more garbage to clean up.
If you are using java 6 you can use the jconsole (in the bin directory of the jdk) to attach to your process and watch how the collector is behaving. In general the collectors are very smart and you won't need to do any tuning, but if you have a need there are numerous options you have use to further tune the collection process.
This was always the question I had when I was working on one of my application which created massive number of threads per request.
So this is a really good question and there are two aspects of this:
1. Whether my Xms and Xmx value should be same
- Most websites and even oracle docs suggest it to be the same. However, I suggest to have some 10-20% of buffer between those values to give heap resizing an option to your application in case sudden high traffic spikes OR a incidental memory leak.
2. Whether I should start my Application with lower heap size
- So here's the thing - no matter what GC Algo you use (even G1), large heap always has some trade off. The goal is to identify the behavior of your application to what heap size you can allow your GC pauses in terms of latency and throughput.
- For example, if your application has lot of threads (each thread has 1 MB stack in native memory and not in heap) but does not occupy heavy object space, then I suggest have a lower value of Xms.
- If your application creates lot of objects with increasing number of threads, then identify to what value of Xms you can set to tolerate those STW pauses. This means identify the max response time of your incoming requests you can tolerate and according tune the minimum heap size.
Source: Stackoverflow.com