[sql] Function vs. Stored Procedure in SQL Server

Generally using stored procedures is better for perfomances. For example in previous versions of SQL Server if you put the function in JOIN condition the cardinality estimate is 1 (before SQL 2012) and 100 (after SQL 2012 and before of SQL 2017) and the engine can generate a bad execution plan.

Also if you put it in WHERE clause the SQL Engine can generate a bad execution plan.

With SQL 2017 Microsoft introduced the feature called interleaved execution in order to produce a more accurate estimate but the stored procedure remains the best solution.

For more details look the following article of Joe Sack https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/sql-server/introducing-interleaved-execution-for-multi-statement-table/ba-p/385417

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