[regex] RegEx to exclude a specific string constant

This isn't easy, unless your regexp engine has special support for it. The easiest way would be to use a negative-match option, for example:

$var !~ /^foo$/
    or die "too much foo";

If not, you have to do something evil:

$var =~ /^(($)|([^f].*)|(f[^o].*)|(fo[^o].*)|(foo.+))$/
    or die "too much foo";

That one basically says "if it starts with non-f, the rest can be anything; if it starts with f, non-o, the rest can be anything; otherwise, if it starts fo, the next character had better not be another o".