TypeError list object is not callable in python

Question

I am novice to Python and following a tutorial  There is an example of list in the tutorial    example   list  easyhoss     Now  In tutorial  example    e   a       s    But in my case I am getting following error    gt  gt  gt  example   list  easyhoss   Traceback  most recent call last     File   lt stdin gt    line 1  in  lt module gt  TypeError   list  object is not callable   Please tell me where I am wrong  I searched SO this but it is different

User · Answer

You have already assigned a value to list  So  you cannot use the list   when it   s a variable  Restart the shell or IDE  by pressing Ctrl F6 on your computer  Hope this works too

User · Answer

You may have used built-in name  list  for a variable in your code  If you are using Jupyter notebook  sometimes even if you change the name of that variable from  list  to something different and rerun that cell  you may still get the error  In this case you need to restart the Kernal  In order to make sure that the name has change  click on the word  list  when you are creating a list object and press Shift Tab  and check if Docstring shows it as an empty list

User · Answer

find out what you have assigned to  list  by displaying it   gt  gt  gt  print list    if it has content  you have to clean it with   gt  gt  gt  del list   now display  list  again and expect this   lt class  list  gt    Once you see this  you can proceed with your copy

User · Answer

Before you can fully understand what the error means and how to solve  it is important to understand what a built-in name is in Python   What is a built-in name   In Python  a built-in name is a name that the Python interpreter already has assigned a predefined value  The value can be either a function or class object  These names are always made available by default  no matter the scope  Some of the values assigned to these names represent fundamental types of the Python language  while others are simple useful    As of the latest version of Python - 3 6 2 - there are currently 61 built-in names  A full list of the names and how they should be used  can be found in the documentation section Built-in Functions   An important point to note however  is that Python will not stop you from re-assigning builtin names  Built-in names are not reserved  and Python allows them to be used as variable names as well   Here is an example using the dict built-in    gt  gt  gt  dict       gt  gt  gt  dict     gt  gt  gt    As you can see  Python allowed us to assign the dict name  to reference a dictionary object   What does  TypeError   list  object is not callable  mean   To put it simply  the reason the error is occurring is because you re-assigned the builtin name list in the script   list    1  2  3  4  5    When you did this  you overwrote the predefined value of the built-in name  This means you can no longer use the predefined value of list  which is a class object representing Python list   Thus  when you tried to use the list class to create a new list from a range object   myrange   list range 1  10     Python raised an error  The reason the error says   list  object is not callable   is because as said above  the name list was referring to a list object  So the above would be the equivalent of doing    1  2  3  4  5  range 1  10     Which of course makes no sense  You cannot call a list object   How can I fix the error   Suppose you have code such as the following   list    1  2  3  4  5  myrange   list range 1  10    for number in list      if number in myrange          print number   is between 1 and 10     Running the above code produces the following error   Traceback  most recent call last     File  python   line 2  in  lt module gt  TypeError   list  object is not callable   If you are getting a similar error such as the one above saying an  object is not callable   chances are you used a builtin name as a variable in your code  In this case and other cases the fix is as simple as renaming the offending variable  For example  to fix the above code  we could rename our list variable to ints   ints    1  2  3  4  5    Rename  list  to  ints  myrange   list range 1  10    for number in ints    Renamed  list  to  ints      if number in myrange          print number   is between 1 and 10     PEP8 - the official Python style guide - includes many recommendations on naming variables   This is a very common error new and old Python users make  This is why it s important to always avoid using built-in names as variables such as str  dict  list  range  etc   Many linters and IDEs will warn you when you attempt to use a built-in name as a variable  If your frequently make this mistake  it may be worth your time to invest in one of these programs   I didn t rename a built-in name  but I m still getting  TypeError   list  object is not callable   What gives   Another common cause for the above error is attempting to index a list using parenthesis      rather than square brackets       For example    gt  gt  gt  lst    1  2   gt  gt  gt  lst 0   Traceback  most recent call last     File   lt pyshell 32 gt    line 1  in  lt module gt      lst 0  TypeError   list  object is not callable   For an explanation of the full problem and what can be done to fix it  see TypeError    39 list  39  object is not callable while trying to access a list

User · Answer

If you are in a interactive session and don t want to restart you can remove the shadowing with   del list

User · Answer

Why does TypeError   list  object is not callable appear  Explanation  It is because you defined list as a variable before  i am pretty sure   so it would be a list  not the function anymore  that s why everyone shouldn t name variables functions  the below is the same as what you re doing now   gt  gt  gt   1 2 3    Traceback  most recent call last     File  quot  lt pyshell 0 gt  quot   line 1  in  lt module gt       1 2 3    TypeError   list  object is not callable  gt  gt  gt     So you need it to be the default function of list  how to detect if it is  just use   gt  gt  gt  list  lt class  list  gt   gt  gt  gt  list    1 2 3   gt  gt  gt  list  1  2  3   gt  gt  gt  list   Traceback  most recent call last     File  quot  lt pyshell 4 gt  quot   line 1  in  lt module gt      list   TypeError   list  object is not callable  gt  gt  gt    How do i detect whether a variable name is a function  well  just simple see if it has a different color  or use a code like   gt  gt  gt   list  in dir   builtins    True  gt  gt  gt   blah  in dir   builtins    False  gt  gt  gt    After this  you should know why does TypeError   list  object is not callable appear  Okay  so now    How to fix this TypeError   list  object is not callable error  Code  You have to either do   builtins   list     gt  gt  gt  list    1 2 3   gt  gt  gt    builtins   list       gt  gt  gt    Or use      gt  gt  gt  list    1 2 3   gt  gt  gt         gt  gt  gt    Or remove list variable from memory   gt  gt  gt  list    1 2 3   gt  gt  gt  del list  gt  gt  gt  list       gt  gt  gt    Or just rename the variable   gt  gt  gt  lst    1 2 3   gt  gt  gt  list       gt  gt  gt    P S  Last one is the most preferable i guess  -  There are a whole bunch of solutions that work  References     39 id  39  is a bad variable name in Python How do I use a keyword as a variable name  How to use reserved keyword as the name of variable in python

User · Answer

Seems like you ve shadowed the builtin name list pointing at a class by the same name pointing at its instance  Here is an example   gt  gt  gt  example   list  easyhoss      here  list  refers to the builtin class  gt  gt  gt  list   list  abc      we create a variable  list  referencing an instance of  list   gt  gt  gt  example   list  easyhoss      here  list  refers to the instance Traceback  most recent call last     File  quot  lt string gt  quot   line 1  in  lt module gt  TypeError   list  object is not callable  I believe this is fairly obvious  Python stores object names  functions and classes are objects  too  in namespaces  which are implemented as dictionaries   hence you can rewrite pretty much any name in any scope  It won t show up as an error of some sort  As you might know  Python emphasizes that  quot special cases aren t special enough to break the rules quot   And there are two major rules behind the problem you ve faced   Namespaces  Python supports nested namespaces  Theoretically you can endlessly nest namespaces  As I ve already mentioned  namespaces are basically dictionaries of names and references to corresponding objects  Any module you create gets its own  quot global quot  namespace  In fact it s just a local namespace with respect to that particular module   Scoping  When you reference a name  the Python runtime looks it up in the local namespace  with respect to the reference  and  if such name does not exist  it repeats the attempt in a higher-level namespace  This process continues until there are no higher namespaces left  In that case you get a NameError  Builtin functions and classes reside in a special high-order namespace   builtins    If you declare a variable named list in your module s global namespace  the interpreter will never search for that name in a higher-level namespace  that is   builtins     Similarly  suppose you create a variable var inside a function in your module  and another variable var in the module  Then  if you reference var inside the function  you will never get the global var  because there is a var in the local namespace - the interpreter has no need to search it elsewhere    Here is a simple illustration   gt  gt  gt  example   list  quot abc quot      Works fine  gt  gt  gt    gt  gt  gt    Creating name  quot list quot  in the global namespace of the module  gt  gt  gt  list   list  quot abc quot    gt  gt  gt    gt  gt  gt  example   list  quot abc quot   Traceback  most recent call last     File  quot  lt stdin gt  quot   line 1  in  lt module gt  TypeError   list  object is not callable  gt  gt  gt    Python looks for  quot list quot  and finds it in the global namespace   gt  gt  gt    but it s not the proper  quot list quot    gt  gt  gt    gt  gt  gt    Let s remove  quot list quot  from the global namespace  gt  gt  gt  del list  gt  gt  gt    Since there is no  quot list quot  in the global namespace of the module   gt  gt  gt    Python goes to a higher-level namespace to find the name    gt  gt  gt  example   list  quot abc quot      It works   So  as you see there is nothing special about Python builtins  And your case is a mere example of universal rules  You d better use an IDE  e g  a free version of PyCharm  or Atom with Python plugins  that highlights name shadowing to avoid such errors  You might as well be wondering what is a  quot callable quot   in which case you can read this post  list  being a class  is callable  Calling a class triggers instance construction and initialisation  An instance might as well be callable  but list instances are not  If you are even more puzzled by the distinction between classes and instances  then you might want to read the documentation  quite conveniently  the same page covers namespaces and scoping   If you want to know more about builtins  please read the answer by Christian Dean  P S  When you start an interactive Python session  you create a temporary module

User · Answer

For me it was a flask server returning some videos array  which I expected to be in json format     adding json dumps videos  fixed this issue

User · Answer

In the league of stupid Monday morning mistakes  using round brackets instead of square brackets when trying to access an item in the list will also give you the same error message   l  1 2 3   print l 2   GOOD print l 2   BAD      TypeError   list  object is not callable

User · Answer

I was getting this error for another reason   I accidentally had a blank list created in my   init   which had the same name as a method I was trying to call  I had just finished refactoring a bit and the variable was no longer needed  but I missed it when cleaning up   So when I was instantiating the class and trying to call the method  it thought I was referencing the list object  not the method   class DumbMistake      def   init   self  k  v           self k   k         self v   v         self update           def update self              do updates to k  v  etc  if   name         main         DumbMistake   update  one two three    1 2 3     So it was trying to assign the two strings to self update   instead of calling the update   method  Removed the variable and it all worked as intended  Hope this helps someone

User · Answer

to solve the error like this one   list object is not callable in python  even you are changing the variable name then please restart the kernel in Python Jutyter Notebook if you are using it or simply restart the IDE   I hope this will work  Thank you

User · Answer

Close the current interpreter using exit   command and reopen typing python to start your work  And do not name a list as list literally  Then you will be fine

[python] TypeError: 'list' object is not callable in python

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