Measuring elapsed time with the Time module

Question

With the Time module in python is it possible to measure elapsed time  If so  how do I do that    I need to do this so that if the cursor has been in a widget for a certain duration an event happens

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For a longer period   import time start time   time time       e   int time time   - start time  print    02d    02d    02d   format e    3600   e   3600    60   e   60     would print  00 03 15   if more than 24 hours  25 33 57   That is inspired by Rutger Hofste s answer  Thank you Rutger

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Another nice way to time things is to use the with python structure   with structure is automatically calling   enter   and   exit   methods which is exactly what we need to time things   Let s create a Timer class   from time import time  class Timer        def   init   self  message           self message   message     def   enter   self           self start   time           return None    could return anything  to be used like this  with Timer  Message   as value      def   exit   self  type  value  traceback           elapsed time    time   - self start    1000         print self message format elapsed time     Then  one can use the Timer class like this   with Timer  Elapsed time to compute some prime numbers    ms        primes          for x in range 2  500           if not any x   p    0 for p in primes               primes append x      print  Primes      format primes     The result is the following   Primes   2  3  5  7  11  13  17  19  23  29  31  37  41  43  47  53  59  61  67   71  73  79  83  89  97  101  103  107  109  113  127  131  137  139  149  151  157  163  167  173  179  181  191  193  197  199  211  223  227  229  233  239  241  251  257  263  269  271  277  281  283  293  307  311  313  317  331  337  347  349  353  359  367  373  379  383  389  397  401  409  419  421  431  433  439  443  449  457  461  463  467  479  487  491  499   Elapsed time to compute some prime numbers  5 01704216003418ms

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Here is an update to Vadim Shender s clever code with tabular output   import collections import time from functools import wraps  PROF DATA   collections defaultdict list   def profile fn        wraps fn      def with profiling  args    kwargs           start time   time time           ret   fn  args    kwargs          elapsed time   time time   - start time         PROF DATA fn   name    append elapsed time          return ret     return with profiling  Metrics   collections namedtuple  Metrics    sum time num calls min time max time avg time fname    def print profile data        results          for fname  elapsed times in PROF DATA items            num calls   len elapsed times          min time   min elapsed times          max time   max elapsed times          sum time   sum elapsed times          avg time   sum time   num calls         metrics   Metrics sum time  num calls  min time  max time  avg time  fname          results append metrics      total time   sum  m sum time for m in results       print   t  join   Percent    Sum    Calls    Min    Max    Mean    Function         for m in sorted results  reverse True           print    1f t  3f t d t  3f t  3f t  3f t s     100   m sum time   total time  m sum time  m num calls  m min time  m max time  m avg time  m fname       print    3f Total Time    total time

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For the best measure of elapsed time  since Python 3 3   use time perf counter        Return the value  in fractional seconds  of a performance counter  i e  a clock with the highest available resolution to measure a short duration  It does include time elapsed during sleep and is system-wide  The reference point of the returned value is undefined  so that only the difference between the results of consecutive calls is valid    For measurements on the order of hours days  you don t care about sub-second resolution so use time monotonic   instead      Return the value  in fractional seconds  of a monotonic clock  i e  a clock that cannot go backwards  The clock is not affected by system clock updates  The reference point of the returned value is undefined  so that only the difference between the results of consecutive calls is valid    In many implementations  these may actually be the same thing   Before 3 3  you re stuck with time clock        On Unix  return the current processor time as a floating point number expressed in seconds  The precision  and in fact the very definition of the meaning of    processor time     depends on that of the C function of the same name       On Windows  this function returns wall-clock seconds elapsed since the first call to this function  as a floating point number  based on the Win32 function QueryPerformanceCounter    The resolution is typically better than one microsecond      Update for Python 3 7  New in Python 3 7 is PEP 564 -- Add new time functions with nanosecond resolution   Use of these can further eliminate rounding and floating-point errors  especially if you re measuring very short periods  or your application  or Windows machine  is long-running   Resolution starts breaking down on perf counter   after around 100 days  So for example after a year of uptime  the shortest interval  greater than 0  it can measure will be bigger than when it started     Update for Python 3 8  time clock is now gone

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In programming  there are 2 main ways to measure time  with different results    gt  gt  gt  print time process time     time sleep 10   print time process time    0 11751394000000001 0 11764988400000001    took  0 seconds and a bit  gt  gt  gt  print time perf counter     time sleep 10   print time perf counter    3972 465770326 3982 468109075         took 10 seconds and a bit    Processor Time  This is how long this specific process spends actively being executed on the CPU  Sleep  waiting for a web request  or time when only other processes are executed will not contribute to this    Use time process time    Wall-Clock Time  This refers to how much time has passed  on a clock hanging on the wall   i e  outside real time    Use time perf counter     time time   also measures wall-clock time but can be reset  so you could go back in time time monotonic   cannot be reset  monotonic   only goes  forward  but has lower precision than time perf counter

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start time   time time     your code elapsed time   time time   - start time   You can also write simple decorator to simplify measurement of execution time of various functions   import time from functools import wraps  PROF DATA       def profile fn        wraps fn      def with profiling  args    kwargs           start time   time time            ret   fn  args    kwargs           elapsed time   time time   - start time          if fn   name   not in PROF DATA              PROF DATA fn   name       0              PROF DATA fn   name    0     1         PROF DATA fn   name    1  append elapsed time           return ret      return with profiling  def print prof data        for fname  data in PROF DATA items            max time   max data 1           avg time   sum data 1     len data 1           print  Function  s called  d times       fname  data 0            print  Execution time max    3f  average    3f     max time  avg time   def clear prof data        global PROF DATA     PROF DATA        Usage    profile def your function                 You can profile more then one function simultaneously  Then to print measurements just call the print prof data

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You need to import time and then use time time   method to know current time    import time  start time time time    taking current time as starting time   here your code  elapsed time time time  -start time  again taking current time - starting time

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Vadim Shender response is great  You can also use a simpler decorator like below   import datetime def calc timing original function                                   def new function  args   kwargs                                   start   datetime datetime now                                x   original function  args   kwargs                          elapsed   datetime datetime now                                 print  Elapsed Time    0   format elapsed-start                return x                                                  return new function       calc timing def a func  variables       print  do something big

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time time   will do the job   import time  start   time time     run your code end   time time    elapsed   end - start   You may want to look at this question  but I don t think it will be necessary

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For users that want better formatting   import time start time   time time     your script elapsed time   time time   - start time time strftime   H  M  S   time gmtime elapsed time     will print out  for 2 seconds    00 00 02    and for 7 minutes one second    00 07 01    note that the minimum time unit with gmtime is seconds  If you need microseconds consider the following   import datetime start   datetime datetime now     some code end   datetime datetime now   elapsed   end - start print elapsed    or print elapsed seconds     elapsed microseconds     strftime documentation

[python] Measuring elapsed time with the Time module

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