The latter versions of Notepad++ do not apparently include the TextFX plugin at all. In order to use the plugin for sorting/eliminating duplicates, the plugin must be either downloaded and installed (more involved) or added using the plugin manager.
A) Easy way (as described here).
Plugins -> Plugin Manager -> Show Plugin Manager -> Available tab -> TextFX Characters -> Install
B) More involved way, if another version is needed or the easy way does not work.
Download the plugin from SourceForge:
Open the zip file and extract NppTextFX.dll
Place NppTextFX.dll in the Notepad++ plugins directory, such as:
C:\Program Files\Notepad++\plugins
Start Notepad++, and TextFX will be one of the file menu items (as seen in Answer #1 above by Colin Pickard)
After installing the TextFX plugin, follow the instructions in Answer #1 to sort and remove duplicates.
Also, consider setting up a keyboard shortcut using Settings > Shorcut mapper if you use this command frequently or want to replicate a keyboard shortcut, such as F9 in TextPad for sorting.