If you know the text in the combo box that you want to select, just use the setCurrentText() method to select that item.
ui->comboBox->setCurrentText("choice 2");
From the Qt 5.7 documentation
The setter setCurrentText() simply calls setEditText() if the combo box is editable. Otherwise, if there is a matching text in the list, currentIndex is set to the corresponding index.
So as long as the combo box is not editable, the text specified in the function call will be selected in the combo box.
Reference: http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qcombobox.html#currentText-prop