[python] How can you dynamically create variables via a while loop?

I want to create variables dynamically via a while loop in Python. Does anyone have any creative means of doing this?

playing with globals() makes it possible:

import random

alphabet = tuple('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')


print '\n'.join(repr(u) for u in globals() if not u.startswith('__'))

for i in xrange(8):
    globals()[''.join(random.sample(alphabet,random.randint(3,26)))] = random.choice(alphabet)

print

print '\n'.join(repr((u,globals()[u])) for u in globals() if not u.startswith('__'))

one result:

'alphabet'
'random'

('hadmgoixzkcptsbwjfyrelvnqu', 'h')
('nzklv', 'o')
('alphabet', ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'))
('random', <module 'random' from 'G:\Python27\lib\random.pyc'>)
('ckpnwqguzyslmjveotxfbadh', 'f')
('i', 7)
('xwbujzkicyd', 'j')
('isjckyngxvaofdbeqwutl', 'n')
('wmt', 'g')
('aesyhvmw', 'q')
('azfjndwhkqgmtyeb', 'o')

I used random because you don't explain which names of "variables" to give, and which values to create. Because i don't think it's possible to create a name without making it binded to an object.

Keyword parameters allow you to pass variables from one function to another. In this way you can use the key of a dictionary as a variable name (which can be populated in your while loop). The dictionary name just needs to be preceded by ** when it is called.

# create a dictionary
>>> kwargs = {}
# add a key of name and assign it a value, later we'll use this key as a variable
>>> kwargs['name'] = 'python'

# an example function to use the variable
>>> def print_name(name):
...   print name

# call the example function
>>> print_name(**kwargs)
python

Without **, kwargs is just a dictionary:

>>> print_name(kwargs)
{'name': 'python'}

Stuffing things into the global and/or local namespaces is not a good idea. Using a dict is so some-other-language-ish ... d['constant-key'] = value just looks awkward. Python is OO. In the words of a master: """Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!"""

Like this:

>>> class Record(object):
...     pass
...
>>> r = Record()
>>> r.foo = 'oof'
>>> setattr(r, 'bar', 'rab')
>>> r.foo
'oof'
>>> r.bar
'rab'
>>> names = 'id description price'.split()
>>> values = [666, 'duct tape', 3.45]
>>> s = Record()
>>> for name, value in zip(names, values):
...     setattr(s, name, value)
...
>>> s.__dict__ # If you are suffering from dict withdrawal symptoms
{'price': 3.45, 'id': 666, 'description': 'duct tape'}
>>>

Use the exec() method. For example, say you have a dictionary and you want to turn each key into a variable with its original dictionary value can do the following.

Python 2

>>> c = {"one": 1, "two": 2}
>>> for k,v in c.iteritems():
...    exec("%s=%s" % (k,v))

>>> one
1
>>> two
2

Python 3

>>> c = {"one": 1, "two": 2}
>>> for k,v in c.items():
...    exec("%s=%s" % (k,v))

>>> one
1
>>> two
2

For free-dom:

import random

alphabet = tuple('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')

globkeys = globals().keys()
globkeys.append('globkeys') # because name 'globkeys' is now also in globals()

print 'globkeys==',globkeys
print
print "globals().keys()==",globals().keys()

for i in xrange(8):
    globals()[''.join(random.sample(alphabet,random.randint(3,26)))] = random.choice(alphabet)
del i

newnames = [ x for x in globals().keys() if x not in globkeys ]
print
print 'newnames==',newnames

print
print "globals().keys()==",globals().keys()

print
print '\n'.join(repr((u,globals()[u])) for u in newnames)

Result

globkeys== ['__builtins__', 'alphabet', 'random', '__package__', '__name__', '__doc__', 'globkeys']

globals().keys()== ['__builtins__', 'alphabet', 'random', '__package__', '__name__', 'globkeys', '__doc__']

newnames== ['fztkebyrdwcigsmulnoaph', 'umkfcvztleoij', 'kbutmzfgpcdqanrivwsxly', 'lxzmaysuornvdpjqfetbchgik', 'wznptbyermclfdghqxjvki', 'lwg', 'vsolxgkz', 'yobtlkqh']

globals().keys()== ['fztkebyrdwcigsmulnoaph', 'umkfcvztleoij', 'newnames', 'kbutmzfgpcdqanrivwsxly', '__builtins__', 'alphabet', 'random', 'lxzmaysuornvdpjqfetbchgik', '__package__', 'wznptbyermclfdghqxjvki', 'lwg', 'x', 'vsolxgkz', '__name__', 'globkeys', '__doc__', 'yobtlkqh']

('fztkebyrdwcigsmulnoaph', 't')
('umkfcvztleoij', 'p')
('kbutmzfgpcdqanrivwsxly', 'a')
('lxzmaysuornvdpjqfetbchgik', 'n')
('wznptbyermclfdghqxjvki', 't')
('lwg', 'j')
('vsolxgkz', 'w')
('yobtlkqh', 'c')

Another way:

import random

pool_of_names = []
for i in xrange(1000):
    v = 'LXM'+str(random.randrange(10,100000))
    if v not in globals():
        pool_of_names.append(v)

alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 

print 'globals().keys()==',globals().keys()

print
for j in xrange(8):
    globals()[pool_of_names[j]] = random.choice(alphabet)
newnames = pool_of_names[0:j+1]

print
print 'globals().keys()==',globals().keys()

print
print '\n'.join(repr((u,globals()[u])) for u in newnames)

result:

globals().keys()== ['__builtins__', 'alphabet', 'random', '__package__', 'i', 'v', '__name__', '__doc__', 'pool_of_names']


globals().keys()== ['LXM7646', 'random', 'newnames', 'LXM95826', 'pool_of_names', 'LXM66380', 'alphabet', 'LXM84070', '__package__', 'LXM8644', '__doc__', 'LXM33579', '__builtins__', '__name__', 'LXM58418', 'i', 'j', 'LXM24703', 'v']

('LXM66380', 'v')
('LXM7646', 'a')
('LXM8644', 'm')
('LXM24703', 'r')
('LXM58418', 'g')
('LXM84070', 'c')
('LXM95826', 'e')
('LXM33579', 'j')

vars()['meta_anio_2012'] = 'translate'

NOTE: This should be considered a discussion rather than an actual answer.

An approximate approach is to operate __main__ in the module you want to create variables. For example there's a b.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8


def set_vars():
    import __main__
    print '__main__', __main__
    __main__.B = 1

try:
    print B
except NameError as e:
    print e

set_vars()

print 'B: %s' % B

Running it would output

$ python b.py
name 'B' is not defined
__main__ <module '__main__' from 'b.py'>
B: 1

But this approach only works in a single module script, because the __main__ it import will always represent the module of the entry script being executed by python, this means that if b.py is involved by other code, the B variable will be created in the scope of the entry script instead of in b.py itself. Assume there is a script a.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

try:
    import b
except NameError as e:
    print e

print 'in a.py: B', B

Running it would output

$ python a.py
name 'B' is not defined
__main__ <module '__main__' from 'a.py'>
name 'B' is not defined
in a.py: B 1

Note that the __main__ is changed to 'a.py'.