For reference: these are the required DLLs for Visual Studio 2017 (as did @ijprest for the VS 2010)
TF.exe
TF.exe.config
Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Client.dll
Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Common.dll
Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Core.WebApi.dll
Microsoft.TeamFoundation.VersionControl.Client.dll
Microsoft.TeamFoundation.VersionControl.Common.dll
Microsoft.TeamFoundation.VersionControl.Controls.dll
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Services.Client.Interactive.dll
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Services.Common.dll
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Services.WebApi.dll
They will be in my base VM image. I'm going to use it to pull the latest deployment scripts from VC to a temporary local workspace folder when installing a new server.
tf workspace /new ...
tf workfold /map ...
tf get "%WorkSpaceLocalFolder%" /recursive
tf workfold /unmap
tf workspace /delete
<run deployment scripts from "%WorkSpaceLocalFolder%" >
rmdir "%WorkSpaceLocalFolder%"
(Sorry to post this as an answer, but I don't have enough reputation to comment, which I believe it should have been)