What s the correct way to convert bytes to a hex string in Python 3

Question

What s the correct way to convert bytes to a hex string in Python 3   I see claims of a bytes hex method  bytes decode codecs  and have tried other possible functions of least astonishment without avail  I just want my bytes as hex

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If you want to convert b  x61  to 97 or  0x61   you can try this    python3 5   gt  gt  gt from struct import    gt  gt  gt temp unpack  B  b  x61   0     convert bytes to unsigned int 97  gt  gt  gt hex temp    convert int to string which is hexadecimal expression  0x61    Reference https   docs python org 3 5 library struct html

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Since Python 3 5 this is finally no longer awkward    gt  gt  gt  b  xde xad xbe xef  hex    deadbeef    and reverse    gt  gt  gt  bytes fromhex  deadbeef   b  xde xad xbe xef    works also with the mutable bytearray type   Reference  https   docs python org 3 library stdtypes html bytes hex

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it can been used the format specifier  x02 that format and output a hex value  For example    gt  gt  gt  foo   b tC xfc  x05i x8d x86 x05 xa5 xb4 xd3 Vd x9cZ x92  6   gt  gt  gt  res       gt  gt  gt  for b in foo          res      02x    b       gt  gt  gt  print res  7443fc7d05698d8605a5b4d35d56649c5a927e2736

User · Answer

Python has bytes-to-bytes standard codecs that perform convenient transformations like quoted-printable  fits into 7bits ascii   base64  fits into alphanumerics   hex escaping  gzip and bz2 compression   In Python 2  you could do   b foo  encode  hex     In Python 3  str encode   bytes decode are strictly for bytes lt - str conversions  Instead  you can do this  which works across Python 2 and Python 3  s encode decode g for the inverse    import codecs codecs getencoder  hex   b foo   0    Starting with Python 3 4  there is a less awkward option   codecs encode b foo    hex     These misc codecs are also accessible inside their own modules  base64  zlib  bz2  uu  quopri  binascii   the API is less consistent  but for compression codecs it offers more control

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import codecs codecs getencoder  hex codec   b foo   0    works in Python 3 3  so  hex codec  instead of  hex

User · Answer

Use the binascii module    gt  gt  gt  import binascii  gt  gt  gt  binascii hexlify  foo  encode  utf8    b 666f6f   gt  gt  gt  binascii unhexlify    decode  utf8    foo    See this answer  Python 3 1 1 string to hex

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The method binascii hexlify   will convert bytes to a bytes representing the ascii hex string  That means that each byte in the input will get converted to two ascii characters  If you want a true str out then you can  decode  ascii   the result    I included an snippet that illustrates it    import binascii  with open  addressbook bin    rb   as f    or any binary file like   bin ls      in bytes   f read       print in bytes    b  n x16 n x04      hex bytes   binascii hexlify in bytes       print hex bytes    b 0a160a04  which is twice as long as in bytes     hex str   hex bytes decode  ascii       print hex str    0a160a04   from the hex string  0a160a04  to can come back to the bytes with binascii unhexlify  0a160a04   which gives back b  n x16 n x04

User · Answer

OK  the following answer is slightly beyond-scope if you only care about Python 3  but this question is the first Google hit even if you don t specify the Python version  so here s a way that works on both Python 2 and Python 3   I m also interpreting the question to be about converting bytes to the str type  that is  bytes-y on Python 2  and Unicode-y on Python 3   Given that  the best approach I know is   import six  bytes to hex str   lambda b      join   02x    i for i in six iterbytes b     The following assertion will be true for either Python 2 or Python 3  assuming you haven t activated the unicode literals future in Python 2   assert bytes to hex str b jkl       6a 6b 6c     Or you can use    join   to omit the space between the bytes  etc

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New in python 3 8  you can pass a delimiter argument to the hex function  as in this example   gt  gt  gt  value   b  xf0 xf1 xf2   gt  gt  gt  value hex  -    f0-f1-f2   gt  gt  gt  value hex      2   f0 f1f2   gt  gt  gt  b UUDDLRLRAB  hex      -4   55554444 4c524c52 4142    https   docs python org 3 library stdtypes html bytes hex

[python] What's the correct way to convert bytes to a hex string in Python 3?

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