[android] install / uninstall APKs programmatically (PackageManager vs Intents)

My application installs other applications, and it needs to keep track of what applications it has installed. Of course, this could be achieved by simply keeping a list of installed applications. But this should not be necessary! It should be the responsibility of the PackageManager to maintain the installedBy(a, b) relationship. In fact, according to the API it is:

public abstract String getInstallerPackageName(String packageName) - Retrieve the package name of the application that installed a package. This identifies which market the package came from.

The current approach

Install APK using Intent

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setDataAndType(apkUri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
startActivity(intent);

Uninstall APK using Intent:

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, Uri.fromParts("package",
getPackageManager().getPackageArchiveInfo(apkUri.getPath(), 0).packageName,null));
startActivity(intent);

This is obviously not the way e.g. Android Market installs / uninstalls packages. They use a richer version of the PackageManager. This can bee seen by downloading the Android source code from the Android Git repository. Below are the two hidden methods that corresponds to the Intent approach. Unfortunately they are not available to external developers. But perhaps they will be in the future?

The better approach

Installing APK using the PackageManager

/**
 * @hide
 * 
 * Install a package. Since this may take a little while, the result will
 * be posted back to the given observer.  An installation will fail if the calling context
 * lacks the {@link android.Manifest.permission#INSTALL_PACKAGES} permission, if the
 * package named in the package file's manifest is already installed, or if there's no space
 * available on the device.
 *
 * @param packageURI The location of the package file to install.  This can be a 'file:' or a
 * 'content:' URI.
 * @param observer An observer callback to get notified when the package installation is
 * complete. {@link IPackageInstallObserver#packageInstalled(String, int)} will be
 * called when that happens.  observer may be null to indicate that no callback is desired.
 * @param flags - possible values: {@link #INSTALL_FORWARD_LOCK},
 * {@link #INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING}, {@link #INSTALL_ALLOW_TEST}.
 * @param installerPackageName Optional package name of the application that is performing the
 * installation. This identifies which market the package came from.
 */
public abstract void installPackage(
        Uri packageURI, IPackageInstallObserver observer, int flags,
        String installerPackageName);

Uninstalling APK using the PackageManager

/**
 * Attempts to delete a package.  Since this may take a little while, the result will
 * be posted back to the given observer.  A deletion will fail if the calling context
 * lacks the {@link android.Manifest.permission#DELETE_PACKAGES} permission, if the
 * named package cannot be found, or if the named package is a "system package".
 * (TODO: include pointer to documentation on "system packages")
 *
 * @param packageName The name of the package to delete
 * @param observer An observer callback to get notified when the package deletion is
 * complete. {@link android.content.pm.IPackageDeleteObserver#packageDeleted(boolean)} will be
 * called when that happens.  observer may be null to indicate that no callback is desired.
 * @param flags - possible values: {@link #DONT_DELETE_DATA}
 *
 * @hide
 */
public abstract void deletePackage(
        String packageName, IPackageDeleteObserver observer, int flags);

Differences

• When using intents the local package manager is not made aware of which application the installation originated from. Specifically, getInstallerPackageName(...) returns null.

• The hidden method installPackage(...) takes the installer package name as a parameter, and is most likely capable of setting this value.

Question

Is it possible to specify package installer name using intents? (Maybe the name of the installer package can be added as an extra to the installation intent?)

Tip: If you want to download the Android source code you can follow the steps described here: Downloading the Source Tree. To extract the *.java files and put them in folders according to the package hierarchy you can check out this neat script: View Android Source Code in Eclipse.

According to Froyo source code, the Intent.EXTRA_INSTALLER_PACKAGE_NAME extra key is queried for the installer package name in the PackageInstallerActivity.

API level 14 introduced two new actions: ACTION_INSTALL_PACKAGE and ACTION_UNINSTALL_PACKAGE. Those actions allow you to pass EXTRA_RETURN_RESULT boolean extra to get an (un)installation result notification.

Example code for invoking the uninstall dialog:

String app_pkg_name = "com.example.app";
int UNINSTALL_REQUEST_CODE = 1;

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_UNINSTALL_PACKAGE);  
intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + app_pkg_name));  
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_RETURN_RESULT, true);
startActivityForResult(intent, UNINSTALL_REQUEST_CODE);

And receive the notification in your Activity#onActivityResult method:

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    if (requestCode == UNINSTALL_REQUEST_CODE) {
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            Log.d("TAG", "onActivityResult: user accepted the (un)install");
        } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
            Log.d("TAG", "onActivityResult: user canceled the (un)install");
        } else if (resultCode == RESULT_FIRST_USER) {
            Log.d("TAG", "onActivityResult: failed to (un)install");
        }
    }
}

Prerequisite:

Your APK needs to be signed by system as correctly pointed out earlier. One way to achieve that is building the AOSP image yourself and adding the source code into the build.

Code:

Once installed as a system app, you can use the package manager methods to install and uninstall an APK as following:

Install:

public boolean install(final String apkPath, final Context context) {
    Log.d(TAG, "Installing apk at " + apkPath);
    try {
        final Uri apkUri = Uri.fromFile(new File(apkPath));
        final String installerPackageName = "MyInstaller";
        context.getPackageManager().installPackage(apkUri, installObserver, PackageManager.INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING, installerPackageName);
        return true;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return false;
    }
}

Uninstall:

public boolean uninstall(final String packageName, final Context context) {
    Log.d(TAG, "Uninstalling package " + packageName);
    try {
        context.getPackageManager().deletePackage(packageName, deleteObserver, PackageManager.DELETE_ALL_USERS);
        return true;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return false;
    }
}

To have a callback once your APK is installed/uninstalled you can use this:

/**
 * Callback after a package was installed be it success or failure.
 */
private class InstallObserver implements IPackageInstallObserver {

    @Override
    public void packageInstalled(String packageName, int returnCode) throws RemoteException {

        if (packageName != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Successfully installed package " + packageName);
            callback.onAppInstalled(true, packageName);
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to install package.");
            callback.onAppInstalled(false, null);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder asBinder() {
        return null;
    }
}

/**
 * Callback after a package was deleted be it success or failure.
 */
private class DeleteObserver implements IPackageDeleteObserver {

    @Override
    public void packageDeleted(String packageName, int returnCode) throws RemoteException {
        if (packageName != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Successfully uninstalled package " + packageName);
            callback.onAppUninstalled(true, packageName);
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to uninstall package.");
            callback.onAppUninstalled(false, null);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder asBinder() {
        return null;
    }
}

/**
 * Callback to give the flow back to the calling class.
 */
public interface InstallerCallback {
    void onAppInstalled(final boolean success, final String packageName);
    void onAppUninstalled(final boolean success, final String packageName);
}

Android P+ requires this permission in AndroidManifest.xml

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES" />

Then:

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:com.example.mypackage"));
startActivity(intent);

to uninstall. Seems easier...

If you have Device Owner (or profile owner, I haven't tried) permission you can silently install/uninstall packages using device owner API.

for uninstalling:

public boolean uninstallPackage(Context context, String packageName) {
    ComponentName name = new ComponentName(MyAppName, MyDeviceAdminReceiver.class.getCanonicalName());
    PackageManager packageManger = context.getPackageManager();
    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
        PackageInstaller packageInstaller = packageManger.getPackageInstaller();
        PackageInstaller.SessionParams params = new PackageInstaller.SessionParams(
                PackageInstaller.SessionParams.MODE_FULL_INSTALL);
        params.setAppPackageName(packageName);
        int sessionId = 0;
        try {
            sessionId = packageInstaller.createSession(params);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
        packageInstaller.uninstall(packageName, PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, sessionId,
                new Intent("android.intent.action.MAIN"), 0).getIntentSender());
        return true;
    }
    System.err.println("old sdk");
    return false;
}

and to install package:

public boolean installPackage(Context context,
                                     String packageName, String packagePath) {
    ComponentName name = new ComponentName(MyAppName, MyDeviceAdminReceiver.class.getCanonicalName());
    PackageManager packageManger = context.getPackageManager();
    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
        PackageInstaller packageInstaller = packageManger.getPackageInstaller();
        PackageInstaller.SessionParams params = new PackageInstaller.SessionParams(
                PackageInstaller.SessionParams.MODE_FULL_INSTALL);
        params.setAppPackageName(packageName);
        try {
            int sessionId = packageInstaller.createSession(params);
            PackageInstaller.Session session = packageInstaller.openSession(sessionId);
            OutputStream out = session.openWrite(packageName + ".apk", 0, -1);
            readTo(packagePath, out); //read the apk content and write it to out
            session.fsync(out);
            out.close();
            System.out.println("installing...");
            session.commit(PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, sessionId,
                    new Intent("android.intent.action.MAIN"), 0).getIntentSender());
            System.out.println("install request sent");
            return true;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }
    System.err.println("old sdk");
    return false;
}

If you're using Kotlin, API 14+, and just wish to show uninstall dialog for your app:

startActivity(Intent(Intent.ACTION_UNINSTALL_PACKAGE).apply {
    data = Uri.parse("package:$packageName")
})

You can change packageName to any other package name if you want to prompt the user to uninstall another app on the device

If you are passing package name as parameter to any of your user defined function then use the below code :

    Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE);
    intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:"+packageName));
    startActivity(intent);

The only way to access those methods is through reflection. You can get a handle on a PackageManager object by calling getApplicationContext().getPackageManager() and using reflection access these methods. Checkout this tutorial.

On a rooted device, you might use:

String pkg = context.getPackageName();
String shellCmd = "rm -r /data/app/" + pkg + "*.apk\n"
                + "rm -r /data/data/" + pkg + "\n"
                // TODO remove data on the sd card
                + "sync\n"
                + "reboot\n";
Util.sudo(shellCmd);

Util.sudo() is defined here.