[python] Get key by value in dictionary

I made a function which will look up ages in a Dictionary and show the matching name:

dictionary = {'george' : 16, 'amber' : 19}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age")
for age in dictionary.values():
    if age == search_age:
        name = dictionary[age]
        print name

I know how to compare and find the age I just don't know how to show the name of the person. Additionally, I am getting a KeyError because of line 5. I know it's not correct but I can't figure out how to make it search backwards.

Cat Plus Plus mentioned that this isn't how a dictionary is intended to be used. Here's why:

The definition of a dictionary is analogous to that of a mapping in mathematics. In this case, a dict is a mapping of K (the set of keys) to V (the values) - but not vice versa. If you dereference a dict, you expect to get exactly one value returned. But, it is perfectly legal for different keys to map onto the same value, e.g.:

d = { k1 : v1, k2 : v2, k3 : v1}

When you look up a key by it's corresponding value, you're essentially inverting the dictionary. But a mapping isn't necessarily invertible! In this example, asking for the key corresponding to v1 could yield k1 or k3. Should you return both? Just the first one found? That's why indexof() is undefined for dictionaries.

If you know your data, you could do this. But an API can't assume that an arbitrary dictionary is invertible, hence the lack of such an operation.

I realize it's been a long time and the original asker likely no longer has any need of an answer, but none of these are good answers if you actually have control over this code. You're just using the wrong data structure. This is a perfect illustration of the use case for a two-way dict:

>>> from collections import defaultdict, UserDict
>>> class TwoWayDict(UserDict):
...     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
...         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
...         self.val_to_keys = defaultdict(list)
...     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
...         super().__setitem__(key, value)
...         self.val_to_keys[value].append(key)
...     def get_keys_for_val(self, value):
...         return self.val_to_keys[value]
... 
>>> d = TwoWayDict()
>>> d['a'] = 1
>>> d['b'] = 1
>>> d.get_keys_for_val(1)
['a', 'b']

Adds miniscule overhead to insertions but you keep constant-time lookup, except now in both directions. No need to construct the reverse mapping from scratch every time you need it. Just store it as you go and access it as needed.

Further, many of these answers are not even correct because clearly many people can have the same age but they're only returning the first matching key, not all of them.

it's answered, but it could be done with a fancy 'map/reduce' use, e.g.:

def find_key(value, dictionary):
    return reduce(lambda x, y: x if x is not None else y,
                  map(lambda x: x[0] if x[1] == value else None, 
                      dictionary.iteritems()))

mydict = {'george': 16, 'amber': 19}
print mydict.keys()[mydict.values().index(16)]  # Prints george

Or in Python 3.x:

mydict = {'george': 16, 'amber': 19}
print(list(mydict.keys())[list(mydict.values()).index(16)])  # Prints george

Basically, it separates the dictionary's values in a list, finds the position of the value you have, and gets the key at that position.

More about keys() and .values() in Python 3: How can I get list of values from dict?

I tried to read as many solutions as I can to prevent giving duplicate answer. However, if you are working on a dictionary which values are contained in lists and if you want to get keys that have a particular element you could do this:

d = {'Adams': [18, 29, 30],
     'Allen': [9, 27],
     'Anderson': [24, 26],
     'Bailey': [7, 30],
     'Baker': [31, 7, 10, 19],
     'Barnes': [22, 31, 10, 21],
     'Bell': [2, 24, 17, 26]}

Now lets find names that have 24 in their values.

for key in d.keys():    
    if 24 in d[key]:
        print(key)

This would work with multiple values as well.

There is no easy way to find a key in a list by 'looking up' the value. However, if you know the value, iterating through the keys, you can look up values in the dictionary by the element. If D[element] where D is a dictionary object, is equal to the key you're trying to look up, you can execute some code.

D = {'Ali': 20, 'Marina': 12, 'George':16}
age = int(input('enter age:\t'))  
for element in D.keys():
    if D[element] == age:
        print(element)

If you want to find the key by the value, you can use a dictionary comprehension to create a lookup dictionary and then use that to find the key from the value.

lookup = {value: key for key, value in self.data}
lookup[value]

I ended up doing it with a function. This way you might avoid doing the full loop, and the intuition says that it should be faster than other solutions presented.

def get_key_from_value(my_dict, to_find):

    for k,v in my_dict.items():
        if v==to_find: return k

    return None

Here is a solution which works both in Python 2 and Python 3:

dict((v, k) for k, v in list.items())[search_age]

The part until [search_age] constructs the reverse dictionary (where values are keys and vice-versa). You could create a helper method which will cache this reversed dictionary like so:

def find_name(age, _rev_lookup=dict((v, k) for k, v in ages_by_name.items())):
    return _rev_lookup[age]

or even more generally a factory which would create a by-age name lookup method for one or more of you lists

def create_name_finder(ages_by_name):
    names_by_age = dict((v, k) for k, v in ages_by_name.items())
    def find_name(age):
      return names_by_age[age]

so you would be able to do:

find_teen_by_age = create_name_finder({'george':16,'amber':19})
...
find_teen_by_age(search_age)

Note that I renamed list to ages_by_name since the former is a predefined type.

I glimpsed all answers and none mentioned simply using list comprehension?

This Pythonic one-line solution can return all keys for any number of given values (tested in Python 3.9.1):

>>> dictionary = {'george' : 16, 'amber' : 19, 'frank': 19}
>>>
>>> age = 19
>>> name = [k for k in dictionary.keys() if dictionary[k] == age]; name
['george', 'frank']
>>>
>>> age = (16, 19)
>>> name = [k for k in dictionary.keys() if dictionary[k] in age]; name
['george', 'amber', 'frank']
>>>
>>> age = (22, 25)
>>> name = [k for k in dictionary.keys() if dictionary[k] in age]; name
[]

Consider using Pandas. As stated in William McKinney's "Python for Data Analysis'

Another way to think about a Series is as a fixed-length, ordered dict, as it is a mapping of index values to data values. It can be used in many contexts where you might use a dict.

import pandas as pd
list = {'george':16,'amber':19}
lookup_list = pd.Series(list)

To query your series do the following:

lookup_list[lookup_list.values == 19]

Which yields:

Out[1]: 
amber    19
dtype: int64

If you need to do anything else with the output transforming the answer into a list might be useful:

answer = lookup_list[lookup_list.values == 19].index
answer = pd.Index.tolist(answer)

one line version: (i is an old dictionary, p is a reversed dictionary)

explanation : i.keys() and i.values() returns two lists with keys and values of the dictionary respectively. The zip function has the ability to tie together lists to produce a dictionary.

p = dict(zip(i.values(),i.keys()))

Warning : This will work only if the values are hashable and unique.

If you want both the name and the age, you should be using .items() which gives you key (key, value) tuples:

for name, age in mydict.items():
    if age == search_age:
        print name

You can unpack the tuple into two separate variables right in the for loop, then match the age.

You should also consider reversing the dictionary if you're generally going to be looking up by age, and no two people have the same age:

{16: 'george', 19: 'amber'}

so you can look up the name for an age by just doing

mydict[search_age]

I've been calling it mydict instead of list because list is the name of a built-in type, and you shouldn't use that name for anything else.

You can even get a list of all people with a given age in one line:

[name for name, age in mydict.items() if age == search_age]

or if there is only one person with each age:

next((name for name, age in mydict.items() if age == search_age), None)

which will just give you None if there isn't anyone with that age.

Finally, if the dict is long and you're on Python 2, you should consider using .iteritems() instead of .items() as Cat Plus Plus did in his answer, since it doesn't need to make a copy of the list.

we can get the Key of dict by :

def getKey(dct,value):
     return [key for key in dct if (dct[key] == value)]

here is my take on it. This is good for displaying multiple results just in case you need one. So I added the list as well

myList = {'george':16,'amber':19, 'rachel':19, 
           'david':15 }                         #Setting the dictionary
result=[]                                       #Making ready of the result list
search_age = int(input('Enter age '))

for keywords in myList.keys():
    if myList[keywords] ==search_age:
    result.append(keywords)                    #This part, we are making list of results

for res in result:                             #We are now printing the results
    print(res)

And that's it...

I found this answer very effective but not very easy to read for me.

To make it more clear you can invert the key and the value of a dictionary. This is make the keys values and the values keys, as seen here.

mydict = {'george':16,'amber':19}
res = dict((v,k) for k,v in mydict.iteritems())
print(res[16]) # Prints george

or

mydict = {'george':16,'amber':19}
dict((v,k) for k,v in mydict.iteritems())[16]

which is essentially the same that this other answer.

Heres a truly "Reversible Dictionary", Based upon Adam Acosta's solution, but enforcing val-to-key calls to be unique and easily return key from value:

from collections import UserDict


class ReversibleDict(UserDict):
    def __init__(self, enforce_unique=True, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.val_to_keys = {}
        self.check_val = self.check_unique if enforce_unique else lambda x: x

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self.check_val(value)
        super().__setitem__(key, value)
        self.val_to_keys[value] = key

    def __call__(self, value):
        return self.val_to_keys[value]

    def check_unique(self, value):
        assert value not in self.val_to_keys, f"Non unique value '{value}'"
        return value

If you want to enforce uniqueness on dictionary values ensure to set enforce_unique=True. to get keys from values just do rev_dict(value), to call values from keys just do as usual dict['key'], here's an example of usage:

rev_dict = ReversibleDict(enforce_unique=True)
rev_dict["a"] = 1
rev_dict["b"] = 2
rev_dict["c"] = 3
print("full dictinoary is: ", rev_dict)
print("value for key 'b' is: ", rev_dict["b"])
print("key for value '2' is: ", rev_dict(2))
print("tring to set another key with the same value results in error: ")
rev_dict["d"] = 1

get_key = lambda v, d: next(k for k in d if d[k] is v)

This is how you access the dictionary to do what you want:

list = {'george': 16, 'amber': 19}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age")
for age in list:
    if list[age] == search_age:
        print age

of course, your names are so off it looks like it would be printing an age, but it DOES print the name. Since you are accessing by name, it becomes more understandable if you write:

list = {'george': 16, 'amber': 19}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age")
for name in list:
    if list[name] == search_age:
        print name

Better yet:

people = {'george': {'age': 16}, 'amber': {'age': 19}}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age")
for name in people:
    if people[name]['age'] == search_age:
        print name

Here, recover_key takes dictionary and value to find in dictionary. We then loop over the keys in dictionary and make a comparison with that of value and return that particular key.

def recover_key(dicty,value):
    for a_key in dicty.keys():
        if (dicty[a_key] == value):
            return a_key

for name in mydict:
    if mydict[name] == search_age:
        print(name) 
        #or do something else with it. 
        #if in a function append to a temporary list, 
        #then after the loop return the list

Just my answer in lambda and filter.

filter( lambda x, dictionary=dictionary, search_age=int(search_age): dictionary[x] == search_age  , dictionary )

You can get key by using dict.keys(), dict.values() and list.index() methods, see code samples below:

names_dict = {'george':16,'amber':19}
search_age = int(raw_input("Provide age"))
key = names_dict.keys()[names_dict.values().index(search_age)]

Try this one-liner to reverse a dictionary:

reversed_dictionary = dict(map(reversed, dictionary.items()))

a = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}
{v:k for k, v in a.items()}[1]

or better

{k:v for k, v in a.items() if v == 1}

already been answered, but since several people mentioned reversing the dictionary, here's how you do it in one line (assuming 1:1 mapping) and some various perf data:

python 2.6:

reversedict = dict([(value, key) for key, value in mydict.iteritems()])

2.7+:

reversedict = {value:key for key, value in mydict.iteritems()}

if you think it's not 1:1, you can still create a reasonable reverse mapping with a couple lines:

reversedict = defaultdict(list)
[reversedict[value].append(key) for key, value in mydict.iteritems()]

how slow is this: slower than a simple search, but not nearly as slow as you'd think - on a 'straight' 100000 entry dictionary, a 'fast' search (i.e. looking for a value that should be early in the keys) was about 10x faster than reversing the entire dictionary, and a 'slow' search (towards the end) about 4-5x faster. So after at most about 10 lookups, it's paid for itself.

the second version (with lists per item) takes about 2.5x as long as the simple version.

largedict = dict((x,x) for x in range(100000))

# Should be slow, has to search 90000 entries before it finds it
In [26]: %timeit largedict.keys()[largedict.values().index(90000)]
100 loops, best of 3: 4.81 ms per loop

# Should be fast, has to only search 9 entries to find it. 
In [27]: %timeit largedict.keys()[largedict.values().index(9)]
100 loops, best of 3: 2.94 ms per loop

# How about using iterkeys() instead of keys()?
# These are faster, because you don't have to create the entire keys array.
# You DO have to create the entire values array - more on that later.

In [31]: %timeit islice(largedict.iterkeys(), largedict.values().index(90000))
100 loops, best of 3: 3.38 ms per loop

In [32]: %timeit islice(largedict.iterkeys(), largedict.values().index(9))
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.48 ms per loop

In [24]: %timeit reversedict = dict([(value, key) for key, value in largedict.iteritems()])
10 loops, best of 3: 22.9 ms per loop

In [23]: %%timeit
....: reversedict = defaultdict(list)
....: [reversedict[value].append(key) for key, value in largedict.iteritems()]
....:
10 loops, best of 3: 53.6 ms per loop

Also had some interesting results with ifilter. Theoretically, ifilter should be faster, in that we can use itervalues() and possibly not have to create/go through the entire values list. In practice, the results were... odd...

In [72]: %%timeit
....: myf = ifilter(lambda x: x[1] == 90000, largedict.iteritems())
....: myf.next()[0]
....:
100 loops, best of 3: 15.1 ms per loop

In [73]: %%timeit
....: myf = ifilter(lambda x: x[1] == 9, largedict.iteritems())
....: myf.next()[0]
....:
100000 loops, best of 3: 2.36 us per loop

So, for small offsets, it was dramatically faster than any previous version (2.36 *u*S vs. a minimum of 1.48 *m*S for previous cases). However, for large offsets near the end of the list, it was dramatically slower (15.1ms vs. the same 1.48mS). The small savings at the low end is not worth the cost at the high end, imho.

Sometimes int() may be needed:

titleDic = {'??????':1, '??????':2}

def categoryTitleForNumber(self, num):
    search_title = ''
    for title, titleNum in self.titleDic.items():
        if int(titleNum) == int(num):
            search_title = title
    return search_title

I thought it would be interesting to point out which methods are the quickest, and in what scenario:

Here's some tests I ran (on a 2012 MacBook Pro)

>>> def method1(list,search_age):
...     for name,age in list.iteritems():
...             if age == search_age:
...                     return name
... 
>>> def method2(list,search_age):
...     return [name for name,age in list.iteritems() if age == search_age]
... 
>>> def method3(list,search_age):
...     return list.keys()[list.values().index(search_age)]

Results from profile.run() on each method 100000 times:

Method 1:

>>> profile.run("for i in range(0,100000): method1(list,16)")
     200004 function calls in 1.173 seconds

Method 2:

>>> profile.run("for i in range(0,100000): method2(list,16)")
     200004 function calls in 1.222 seconds

Method 3:

>>> profile.run("for i in range(0,100000): method3(list,16)")
     400004 function calls in 2.125 seconds

So this shows that for a small dict, method 1 is the quickest. This is most likely because it returns the first match, as opposed to all of the matches like method 2 (see note below).

Interestingly, performing the same tests on a dict I have with 2700 entries, I get quite different results (this time run 10000 times):

Method 1:

>>> profile.run("for i in range(0,10000): method1(UIC_CRS,'7088380')")
     20004 function calls in 2.928 seconds

Method 2:

>>> profile.run("for i in range(0,10000): method2(UIC_CRS,'7088380')")
     20004 function calls in 3.872 seconds

Method 3:

>>> profile.run("for i in range(0,10000): method3(UIC_CRS,'7088380')")
     40004 function calls in 1.176 seconds

So here, method 3 is much faster. Just goes to show the size of your dict will affect which method you choose.

Notes: Method 2 returns a list of all names, whereas methods 1 and 3 return only the first match. I have not considered memory usage. I'm not sure if method 3 creates 2 extra lists (keys() and values()) and stores them in memory.

In my case the easiest way is to instantiate disctionary in your code then you can call keys from it like below

here is my class having dictionary

class Config:

def local(self):
    return {
        "temp_dir": "/tmp/dirtest/",
        "devops": "Mansur",
    }

To instantiate your dictionary

config =  vars.Config()
local_config = config.local()

Finally calling your dictionary keys

patched = local_config.get("devops")

d= {'george':16,'amber':19}

dict((v,k) for k,v in d.items()).get(16)

The output is as follows:

-> prints george

key = next((k for k in my_dict if my_dict[k] == val), None)

def get_Value(dic,value):
    for name in dic:
        if dic[name] == value:
            del dic[name]
            return name

my_dict = {'A': 19, 'B': 28, 'carson': 28}
search_age = 28

take only one

name = next((name for name, age in my_dict.items() if age == search_age), None)
print(name)  # 'B'

get multiple data

name_list = [name for name, age in filter(lambda item: item[1] == search_age, my_dict.items())]
print(name_list)  # ['B', 'carson']

dictionary = {'george' : 16, 'amber' : 19}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age")
key = [filter( lambda x: dictionary[x] == k  , dictionary ),[None]][0] 
# key = None from [None] which is a safeguard for not found.

For multiple occurrences use:

keys = [filter( lambda x: dictionary[x] == k  , dictionary )]

A simple way to do this could be:

list = {'george':16,'amber':19}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age")
for age in list.values():
    name = list[list==search_age].key().tolist()
    print name

This will return a list of the keys with value that match search_age. You can also replace "list==search_age" with any other conditions statement if needed.

You need to use a dictionary and reverse of that dictionary. It means you need another data structure. If you are in python 3, use enum module but if you are using python 2.7 use enum34 which is back ported for python 2.

Example:

from enum import Enum

class Color(Enum): 
    red = 1 
    green = 2 
    blue = 3

>>> print(Color.red) 
Color.red

>>> print(repr(Color.red)) 
<color.red: 1=""> 

>>> type(Color.red) 
<enum 'color'=""> 
>>> isinstance(Color.green, Color) 
True 

>>> member = Color.red 
>>> member.name 
'red' 
>>> member.value 
1 

Here is my take on this problem. :) I have just started learning Python, so I call this:

"The Understandable for beginners" solution.

#Code without comments.

list1 = {'george':16,'amber':19, 'Garry':19}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age: ")
print
search_age = int(search_age)

listByAge = {}

for name, age in list1.items():
    if age == search_age:
        age = str(age)
        results = name + " " +age
        print results

        age2 = int(age)
        listByAge[name] = listByAge.get(name,0)+age2

print
print listByAge

.

#Code with comments.
#I've added another name with the same age to the list.
list1 = {'george':16,'amber':19, 'Garry':19}
#Original code.
search_age = raw_input("Provide age: ")
print
#Because raw_input gives a string, we need to convert it to int,
#so we can search the dictionary list with it.
search_age = int(search_age)

#Here we define another empty dictionary, to store the results in a more 
#permanent way.
listByAge = {}

#We use double variable iteration, so we get both the name and age 
#on each run of the loop.
for name, age in list1.items():
    #Here we check if the User Defined age = the age parameter 
    #for this run of the loop.
    if age == search_age:
        #Here we convert Age back to string, because we will concatenate it 
        #with the person's name. 
        age = str(age)
        #Here we concatenate.
        results = name + " " +age
        #If you want just the names and ages displayed you can delete
        #the code after "print results". If you want them stored, don't...
        print results

        #Here we create a second variable that uses the value of
        #the age for the current person in the list.
        #For example if "Anna" is "10", age2 = 10,
        #integer value which we can use in addition.
        age2 = int(age)
        #Here we use the method that checks or creates values in dictionaries.
        #We create a new entry for each name that matches the User Defined Age
        #with default value of 0, and then we add the value from age2.
        listByAge[name] = listByAge.get(name,0)+age2

#Here we print the new dictionary with the users with User Defined Age.
print
print listByAge

.

#Results
Running: *\test.py (Thu Jun 06 05:10:02 2013)

Provide age: 19

amber 19
Garry 19

{'amber': 19, 'Garry': 19}

Execution Successful!