It was definitely because missing dependencies that were not in my maven pom.xml.
For example, I wanted to create integration tests for my implementation of the broadleaf ecommerce demo site.
I had included a broadleaf jar with integration tests from broadleaf commerce in order to reuse their configuration files and base testing classes. That project had other testing dependencies that I had not included and I received the "inconsistent hierarchy" error.
After copying the "test dependencies" from broadleaf/pom.xml and the associated properties variables that provided the versions for each dependency in broadleaf/pom.xml, the error went away.
The properties were:
<geb.version>0.9.3</geb.version>
<spock.version>0.7-groovy-2.0</spock.version>
<selenium.version>2.42.2</selenium.version>
<groovy.version>2.1.8</groovy.version>
The dependencies were:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.broadleafcommerce</groupId>
<artifactId>integration</artifactId>
<type>jar</type>
<classifier>tests</classifier>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.broadleafcommerce</groupId>
<artifactId>broadleaf-framework</artifactId>
<version>${blc.version}</version><!--$NO-MVN-MAN-VER$ -->
<classifier>tests</classifier>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.icegreen</groupId>
<artifactId>greenmail</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
<artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
<artifactId>easymockclassextension</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>5.9</version>
<type>jar</type>
<classifier>jdk15</classifier>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
<artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>
<version>${groovy.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.gebish</groupId>
<artifactId>geb-core</artifactId>
<version>${geb.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.gebish</groupId>
<artifactId>geb-spock</artifactId>
<version>${geb.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.spockframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spock-core</artifactId>
<version>${spock.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-support</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-firefox-driver</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-chrome-driver</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.12</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId>
<artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>