You will get this error when you call any of the setXxx() methods on PreparedStatement, while the SQL query string does not have any placeholders ? for this.
For example this is wrong:
String sql = "INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2, col3) VALUES (val1, val2, val3)";
// ...
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setString(1, val1); // Fail.
preparedStatement.setString(2, val2);
preparedStatement.setString(3, val3);
You need to fix the SQL query string accordingly to specify the placeholders.
String sql = "INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2, col3) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
// ...
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setString(1, val1);
preparedStatement.setString(2, val2);
preparedStatement.setString(3, val3);
Note the parameter index starts with 1 and that you do not need to quote those placeholders like so:
String sql = "INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2, col3) VALUES ('?', '?', '?')";
Otherwise you will still get the same exception, because the SQL parser will then interpret them as the actual string values and thus can't find the placeholders anymore.