I had this error from mySQL using DataNucleus and a database created with UTF8 - the error was being caused by this annotation for a primary key:
@PrimaryKey
@Unique
@Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.UUIDSTRING)
protected String id;
dropping the table and regenerating it with this fixed it.
@PrimaryKey
@Unique
@Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.UUIDHEX)
protected String id;