Private class declaration

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Possible Duplicate    Java  Why can we define a top level class as private        Why can t we declare a private outer class  If we can have inner private class then why can t we have outer private class

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You can   package test   public class Test       public static void main String   args            B b   new B             class B        Essentially package-private - cannot be accessed anywhere else but inside the  test  package

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To answer your question       If we can have inner private class then why can t we have outer   private class       You can  the distinction is that the inner class is at the  class  access level  whereas the  outer  class is at the  package  access level  From the Oracle Tutorials       If a class has no modifier  the default  also known as package-private   it is visible only within its own package  packages are named groups of related classes     you will learn about them in a later lesson      Thus  package-private  declaring no modifier  is the effect you would expect from declaring an  outer  class private  the syntax is just different

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You can t have private class but you can have second class   public class App14692708       public static void main String   args            PC pc   new PC            System out println pc            class PC        Override     public String toString             return  I am PC instance     super toString              Also remember that static inner class is indistinguishable of separate class except it s name is OuterClass InnerClass  So if you don t want to use  closures   use static inner class

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private makes the class accessible only to the class in which it is declared  If we make entire class private no one from outside can access the class and makes it useless    Inner class can be made private because the outer class can access inner class where as it is not the case with if you make outer class private

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private modifier will make your class inaccessible from outside  so there wouldn t be any advantage of this and I think that is why it is illegal and only public  abstract  amp  final are permitted    Note   Even you can not make it protected

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Private outer class would be useless as nothing can access it   See more details   Java  Why can we define a top level class as private

[java] Private class declaration

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