VAL1 and VAL2 need to be dimmed as integer, not as string, to be used as an argument for Cells, which takes integers, not strings, as arguments.
Dim val1 As Integer, val2 As Integer, i As Integer
For i = 1 To 333
Sheets("Feuil2").Activate
ActiveSheet.Cells(i, 1).Select
val1 = Cells(i, 1).Value
val2 = Cells(i, 2).Value
Sheets("Classeur2.csv").Select
Cells(val1, val2).Select
ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "1"
Next i