Context startForegroundService did not then call Service startForeground

Question

I am using Service Class on the Android O OS    I plan to use the Service in the background    The Android documentation states that      If your app targets API level 26 or higher  the system imposes restrictions on using or creating background services unless the app itself is in the foreground  If an app needs to create a foreground service  the app should call startForegroundService      If you use startForegroundService    the Service throws the following error   Context startForegroundService   did not then call Service startForeground      What s wrong with this

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I have fixed the problem with starting the service with startService intent  instead of Context startForeground   and calling startForegound   immediately after super OnCreate    Additionally  if you starting service on boot  you can start Activity that starts service on the boot broadcast  Although it is not a permanent solution  it works

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https   developer android com reference android content Context html startForegroundService android content Intent      Similar to startService Intent   but with an implicit promise that the   Service will call startForeground int  android app Notification  once   it begins running  The service is given an amount of time comparable   to the ANR interval to do this  otherwise the system will   automatically stop the service and declare the app ANR       Unlike the ordinary startService Intent   this method can be used at   any time  regardless of whether the app hosting the service is in a   foreground state    make sure you call the Service startForeground int  android app Notification  on the onCreate   so you ensure it will be called  if you have any condition that may prevent you from doing that  then you d better off using the normal Context startService Intent  and call the Service startForeground int  android app Notification  yourself   It seems that the Context startForegroundService   adds a watchdog to make sure you called the Service startForeground int  android app Notification  before it was destroyed

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I have researched on this for a couple of days and got the solution  Now in Android O you can set the background limitation as below  The service which is calling a service class  Intent serviceIntent   new Intent SettingActivity this DetectedService class   if  android os Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   android os Build VERSION CODES O        SettingActivity this startForegroundService serviceIntent     else       startService serviceIntent       and the service class should be like  public class DetectedService extends Service         Override     public IBinder onBind Intent intent            return null              Override     public int onStartCommand Intent intent  int flags  int startId            return START STICKY              Override     public void onCreate             super onCreate            int NOTIFICATION ID    int   System currentTimeMillis   10000            if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   Build VERSION CODES O                startForeground NOTIFICATION ID  new Notification Builder this  build                            Do whatever you want to do here

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This error also occurs on Android 8  when Service startForeground int id  Notification notification  is called while id is set to 0      id int  The identifier for this notification as per NotificationManager notify int  Notification   must not be 0

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just call startForeground method immediately after Service or IntentService is Created  like this   import android app Notification  public class AuthenticationService extends Service         Override     public void onCreate             super onCreate            startForeground 1 new Notification

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Problem With Android O API 26  If you stop the service right away  so your service does not actually really runs  wording   comprehension  and you are way under the ANR interval  you still need to call startForeground before stopSelf  https   plus google com 116630648530850689477 posts L2rn4T6SAJ5  Tried this Approach But it Still creates an error -  if  Util SDK INT  gt  26        mContext startForegroundService playIntent     else       mContext startService playIntent       I Am Using this until the Error is Resolved         mContext startService playIntent

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Ok  something I noticed on this that might help a few others too  This is strictly from testing to see if I could figure out how to fix the occurrences I am seeing  For simplicity sake  let s say I have a method that calls this from the presenter     context startForegroundService new Intent context  TaskQueueExecutorService class     try       Thread sleep 10000     catch  InterruptedException e        e printStackTrace               This will crash with the same error   The Service will NOT start until the method is complete  therefore no onCreate   in the service     So even if you update the UI off the main thread  IF you have anything that might hold up that method after it  it won t start on time and give you the dreaded Foreground Error   In my case we were loading some things onto a queue and each called startForegroundService  but some logic was involved with each in the background   So if the logic took too long to finish that method since they were called back to back  crash time  The old startService just ignored it and went on it s way and since we called it each time  the next round would finish up     This left me wondering  if I called the service from a thread in the background  could it not be fully bound on the start and run immediately  so I started experimenting   Even though this does NOT start it immediately  it does not crash     new Handler Looper getMainLooper    post new Runnable             public void run                    context startForegroundService new Intent context              TaskQueueExecutorService class                   try                      Thread sleep 10000                    catch  InterruptedException e                      e printStackTrace                                           I will not pretend to know why it does not crash although I suspect this forces it to wait until the main thread can handle it in a timely fashion   I know it s not ideal to tie it to the main thread  but since my usage calls it in the background  I m not real concerned if it waits until it can complete rather than crash

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So many answer but none worked in my case   I have started service like this   if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   Build VERSION CODES O        startForegroundService intent     else       startService intent       And in my service in onStartCommand       if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   Build VERSION CODES O            Notification Builder builder   new Notification Builder this  ANDROID CHANNEL ID                   setContentTitle getString R string app name                    setContentText  SmartTracker Running                    setAutoCancel true           Notification notification   builder build            startForeground NOTIFICATION ID  notification         else           NotificationCompat Builder builder   new NotificationCompat Builder this                   setContentTitle getString R string app name                    setContentText  SmartTracker is Running                       setPriority NotificationCompat PRIORITY DEFAULT                   setAutoCancel true           Notification notification   builder build            startForeground NOTIFICATION ID  notification           And don t forgot to set NOTIFICATION ID  non zero  private static final String ANDROID CHANNEL ID    com xxxx Location Channel   private static final int NOTIFICATION ID   555    SO everything was perfect but still crashing on 8 1 so cause was as below        if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   Build VERSION CODES O                stopForeground true             else               stopForeground true               I have called stop foreground with remove notificaton but once notification removed service become background and background service can not run in android O from background  started after push received   So magical word is     stopSelf      So far so any reason your service is crashing follow all above steps and enjoy

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I called ContextCompat startForegroundService this  intent  to start the service then  In service onCreate    Override  public void onCreate             super onCreate             if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   26                String CHANNEL ID    my channel 01               NotificationChannel channel   new NotificationChannel CHANNEL ID                       Channel human readable title                       NotificationManager IMPORTANCE DEFAULT                  NotificationManager  getSystemService Context NOTIFICATION SERVICE   createNotificationChannel channel                Notification notification   new NotificationCompat Builder this  CHANNEL ID                       setContentTitle                          setContentText     build                 startForeground 1  notification

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I just sharing my review about this  I am not surely 100  telling  that above code is not working for me and other guys also but some times I got this issue  Suppose I run the app 10 time then might be got this issue 2 to 3 three time  I have tried above all the answers but still not solve the issue  I have implemented above all the codes and tested in different api levels  API level 26  28  29  and difference mobile  Samsung  Xiaomi  MIUI  Vivo  Moto  One Plus  Huawei  etc   and getting same below issue  Context startForegroundService   did not then call Service startForeground     I have read service on google developer web site  some other blog and some stack overflow question and got the idea that this issue will happen when we call startForgroundSerivce   method but at that time service was not started  In my case I have stop the service and after immediately start service  Below is the hint        some other code       API level and other device auto star service condition is already set stopService    startService           some other code  In this case service is not started due to processing speed and low memory in RAM but startForegroundService   method is called and fire the exception   Work for me   new Handler   postDelayed   - gt ContextCompat startForegroundService activity  new Intent activity  ChatService class    500    I have change code and set 500 milliseconds delay to call startService   method and issue is solved  This is not perfect solution because this way app s performance goes downgrade   Note  This is only for Foreground and Background service only  Don t tested when using Bind service  I am sharing this because only this is the way I have solved this issue

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Why this issue is happening is because Android framework can t guarantee your service get started within 5 second but on the other hand framework does have strict limit on foreground notification must be fired within 5 seconds  without checking if framework had tried to start the service   This is definitely a framework issue  but not all developers facing this issue are doing their best    startForeground a notification must be in both onCreate and onStartCommand  because if your service is already created and somehow your activity is trying to start it again  onCreate won t be called  notification ID must not be 0 otherwise same crash will happen even it s not same reason  stopSelf must not be called before startForeground    With all above 3 this issue can be reduced a bit but still not a fix  the real fix or let s say workaround is to downgrade your target sdk version to 25   And note that most likely Android P will still carry this issue because Google refuses to even understand what is going on and does not believe this is their fault  read  36 and  56 for more information

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Service  class TestService   Service          override fun onCreate             super onCreate           Log d TAG   onCreate            val nBuilder   NotificationCompat Builder this   all                setSmallIcon R drawable ic launcher foreground               setContentTitle  TestService                setPriority NotificationCompat PRIORITY DEFAULT          startForeground 1337  nBuilder build               override fun onStartCommand intent  Intent   flags  Int  startId  Int   Int           val rtn   super onStartCommand intent  flags  startId           if  intent  action    STOP ACTION                Log d TAG   onStartCommand - gt  STOP               stopForeground true              stopSelf             else               Log d TAG   onStartCommand - gt  START                      return rtn            override fun onDestroy             Log d TAG   onDestroy           super onDestroy              override fun onBind intent  Intent    IBinder    null      companion object            private val TAG    TestService          private val STOP ACTION    ly zen test TestService ACTION STOP           fun start context  Context                ContextCompat startForegroundService context  Intent context  TestService  class java                      fun stop context  Context                val intent   Intent context  TestService  class java              intent action   STOP ACTION             ContextCompat startForegroundService context  intent                        Tester  val nChannel   NotificationChannel  all    All   NotificationManager IMPORTANCE NONE  val nManager   getSystemService Context NOTIFICATION SERVICE  as NotificationManager nManager createNotificationChannel nChannel   start test service setOnClickListener       TestService start this MainActivity      TestService stop this MainActivity      Result  D TestService  onCreate D TestService  onStartCommand - gt  START D TestService  onStartCommand - gt  STOP D TestService  onDestroy

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I am facing same issue and after spending time found a solutons you can try below code  If your using Service then put this code in onCreate else your using Intent Service then put this code in onHandleIntent   if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   26            String CHANNEL ID    my app           NotificationChannel channel   new NotificationChannel CHANNEL ID                   MyApp   NotificationManager IMPORTANCE DEFAULT             NotificationManager  getSystemService Context NOTIFICATION SERVICE   createNotificationChannel channel           Notification notification   new NotificationCompat Builder this  CHANNEL ID                   setContentTitle                      setContentText     build            startForeground 1  notification

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You have to add a permission as bellow for android 9 device when use target sdk 28 or later or the exception will always happen    lt uses-permission android name  android permission FOREGROUND SERVICE    gt

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I am adding some code in  humazed answer  So there in no initial notification  It might be a workaround but it works for me    Override  public void onCreate             super onCreate             if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   26                String CHANNEL ID    my channel 01               NotificationChannel channel   new NotificationChannel CHANNEL ID                       Channel human readable title                       NotificationManager IMPORTANCE DEFAULT                  NotificationManager  getSystemService Context NOTIFICATION SERVICE   createNotificationChannel channel                Notification notification   new NotificationCompat Builder this  CHANNEL ID                       setContentTitle                          setContentText                          setColor ContextCompat getColor this  R color transparentColor                        setSmallIcon ContextCompat getColor this  R color transparentColor   build                 startForeground 1  notification                 I am adding transparentColor in small icon and color on notification  It will work

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I have a work around for this problem  I have verified this fix in my own app 300K  DAU   which can reduce at least 95  of this kind of crash  but still cannot 100  avoid this problem   This problem happens even when you ensure to call startForeground   just after service started as Google documented  It may be because the service creation and initialization process already cost more than 5 seconds in many scenarios  then no matter when and where you call startForeground   method  this crash is unavoidable   My solution is to ensure that startForeground   will be executed within 5 seconds after startForegroundService   method  no matter how long your service need to be created and initialized  Here is the detailed solution    Do not use startForegroundService at the first place  use bindService   with auto create flag  It will wait for the service initialization  Here is the code  my sample service is MusicService   final Context applicationContext   context getApplicationContext    Intent intent   new Intent context  MusicService class   applicationContext bindService intent  new ServiceConnection          Override     public void onServiceConnected ComponentName name  IBinder binder            if  binder instanceof MusicBinder                MusicBinder musicBinder    MusicBinder  binder              MusicService service   musicBinder getService                if  service    null                       start a command such as music play or pause                  service startCommand command                      force the service to run in foreground here                     the service is already initialized when bind and auto create                  service forceForeground                                    applicationContext unbindService this               Override     public void onServiceDisconnected ComponentName name             Context BIND AUTO CREATE    Then here is MusicBinder implementation          Use weak reference to avoid binder service leak       public class MusicBinder extends Binder         private WeakReference lt MusicService gt  weakService                    Inject service instance to weak reference                public void onBind MusicService service             this weakService   new WeakReference lt  gt  service                public MusicService getService              return weakService    null   null   weakService get               The most important part  MusicService implementation  forceForeground   method will ensure that startForeground   method is called just after startForegroundService     public class MusicService extends MediaBrowserServiceCompat           private final MusicBinder musicBind   new MusicBinder             Override     public IBinder onBind Intent intent            musicBind onBind this           return musicBind                public void forceForeground                API lower than 26 do not need this work around          if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   26                Intent intent   new Intent this  MusicService class                  service has already been initialized                 startForeground method should be called within 5 seconds              ContextCompat startForegroundService this  intent               Notification notification   mNotificationHandler createNotification this                  call startForeground just after startForegroundService              startForeground Constants NOTIFICATION ID  notification                      If you want to run the step 1 code snippet in a pending intent  such as if you want to start a foreground service in a widget  a click on widget button  without opening your app  you can wrap the code snippet in a broadcast receiver  and fire a broadcast event instead of start service command    That is all  Hope it helps  Good luck

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Your app will crash if you call Context startForegroundService      and then call Context stopService      before Service startForeground      is called   I have a clear repro here ForegroundServiceAPI26  I have opened a bug on this at   Google issue tracker  Several bugs on this have been opened and closed Won t Fix   Hopefully mine with clear repro steps will make the cut   Information provided by google team  Google issue tracker Comment 36  This is not a framework bug  it s intentional   If the app starts a service instance with startForegroundService    it must transition that service instance to the foreground state and show the notification   If the service instance is stopped before startForeground   is called on it  that promise is unfulfilled   this is a bug in the app   Re  31  publishing a Service that other apps can start directly is fundamentally unsafe   You can mitigate that a bit by treating all start actions of that service as requiring startForeground    though obviously that may not be what you had in mind   Google issue tracker Comment 56  There are a couple of different scenarios that lead to the same outcome here   The outright semantic issue  that it s simply an error to kick something off with startForegroundService   but neglect to actually transition it to foreground via startForeground    is just that   a semantic issue   That s treated as an app bug  intentionally   Stopping the service before transitioning it to foreground is an app error   That was the crux of the OP  and is why this issue has been marked  working as intended    However  there are also questions about spurious detection of this problem   That s is being treated as a genuine problem  though it s being tracked separately from this particular bug tracker issue   We aren t deaf to the complaint

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I have a widget which does relatively frequent updates when the device is awake and I was seeing thousands of crashes in just a few days   The issue trigger  I even noticed the issue even on my Pixel 3 XL when I wouldn t have thought the device to have much load at all  And any and all code paths were covered with startForeground    But then I realized that in many cases my service gets the job done really quickly  I believe the trigger for my app was that the service was finishing before the system actually got around to showing a notification   The workaround solution  I was able to get rid of all crashes  What I did was to remove the call to stopSelf     I was thinking about delaying the stop until I was pretty sure the notification was shown  but I don t want the user to see the notification if it isn t necessary   When the service has been idle for a minute or the system destroys it normally without throwing any exceptions   if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   Build VERSION CODES O        stopForeground true     else       stopSelf

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One issue might be Service class is not enabled in AndroidManifest file  Please check it as well   lt service         android name  quot  AudioRecorderService quot          android enabled  quot true quot          android exported  quot false quot          android foregroundServiceType  quot microphone quot    gt

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I know  too many answers have been published already  however the truth is - startForegroundService can not be fixed at an app level and you should stop using it  That Google recommendation to use Service startForeground   API within 5 seconds after Context startForegroundService   was called is not something that an app can always do    Android runs a lot of processes simultaneously and there is no any guarantee that Looper will call your target service that is supposed to call startForeground   within 5 seconds  If your target service didn t receive the call within 5 seconds  you re out of luck and your users will experience ANR situation  In your stack trace you ll see something like this   Context startForegroundService   did not then call Service startForeground    ServiceRecord 1946947 u0    MessageService   main  prio 5 tid 1 Native     group  main  sCount 1 dsCount 0 flags 1 obj 0x763e01d8 self 0x7d77814c00     sysTid 11171 nice -10 cgrp default sched 0 0 handle 0x7dfe411560     state S schedstat   1337466614 103021380 2047   utm 106 stm 27 core 0 HZ 100     stack 0x7fd522f000-0x7fd5231000 stackSize 8MB     held mutexes     00  pc 00000000000712e0   system lib64 libc so    epoll pwait 8     01  pc 00000000000141c0   system lib64 libutils so  android  Looper  pollInner int  144     02  pc 000000000001408c   system lib64 libutils so  android  Looper  pollOnce int  int   int   void    60     03  pc 000000000012c0d4   system lib64 libandroid runtime so  android  android os MessageQueue nativePollOnce  JNIEnv    jobject   long  int  44    at android os MessageQueue nativePollOnce  MessageQueue java    at android os MessageQueue next  MessageQueue java 326    at android os Looper loop  Looper java 181    at android app ActivityThread main  ActivityThread java 6981    at java lang reflect Method invoke  Method java    at com android internal os RuntimeInit MethodAndArgsCaller run  RuntimeInit java 493    at com android internal os ZygoteInit main  ZygoteInit java 1445    As I understand  Looper has analyzed the queue here  found an  abuser  and simply killed it  The system is happy and healthy now  while developers and users are not  but since Google limits their responsibilities to the system  why should they care about the latter two  Apparently they don t  Could they make it better  Of course  e g  they could ve served  Application is busy  dialog  asking a user to make a decision about waiting or killing the app  but why bother  it s not their responsibility  The main thing is that the system is healthy now   From my observations  this happens relatively rarely  in my case approximately 1 crash in a month for 1K users  Reproducing it is impossible  and even if it s reproduced  there is nothing you can do to fix it permanently   There was a good suggestion in this thread to use  bind  instead of  start  and then when service is ready  process onServiceConnected  but again  it means not using startForegroundService calls at all          I think  the right and honest action from Google side would be to tell everyone that startForegourndServcie has a deficiency and should not be used   The question still remains  what to use instead  Fortunately for us  there are JobScheduler and JobService now  which are a better alternative for foreground services  It s a better option  because of that      While a job is running  the system holds a wakelock on behalf of your   app  For this reason  you do not need to take any action to guarantee   that the device stays awake for the duration of the job    It means that you don t need to care about handling wakelocks anymore and that s why it s not different from foreground services  From implementation point of view JobScheduler is not your service  it s a system s one  presumably it will handle the queue right  and Google will never terminate its own child     Samsung has switched from startForegroundService to JobScheduler and JobService in their Samsung Accessory Protocol  SAP   It s very helpful when devices like smartwatches need to talk to hosts like phones  where the job does need to interact with a user through an app s main thread  Since the jobs are posted by the scheduler to the main thread  it becomes possible  You should remember though that the job is running on the main thread and offload all heavy stuff to other threads and async tasks      This service executes each incoming job on a Handler running on your   application s main thread  This means that you must offload your   execution logic to another thread handler AsyncTask of your choosing   The only pitfall of switching to JobScheduler JobService is that you ll need to refactor old code  and it s not fun  I ve spent last two days doing just that to use the new Samsung s SAP implementation  I ll watch my crash reports and let you know if see the crashes again  Theoretically it should not happen  but there are always details that we might not be aware of      UPDATE No more crashes reported by Play Store  It means that JobScheduler JobService do not have such a problem and switching to this model is the right approach to get rid of startForegroundService issue once and forever  I hope  Google Android reads it and will eventually comment advise provide an official guidance for everyone     UPDATE 2  For those who use SAP and asking how SAP V2 utilizes JobService explanation is below   In your custom code you ll need to initialize SAP  it s Kotlin     SAAgentV2 requestAgent App app  applicationContext      MessageJobs  class java   getName    mAgentCallback    Now you need to decompile Samsung s code to see what s going on inside  In SAAgentV2 take a look at the requestAgent implementation and the following line   SAAgentV2 d var3   new SAAgentV2 d var0  var1  var2    where d defined as below  private SAAdapter d    Go to SAAdapter class now and find onServiceConnectionRequested function that schedules a job using the following call   SAJobService scheduleSCJob SAAdapter this d  var11  var14  var3  var12      SAJobService is just an implementation of Android d JobService and this is the one that does a job scheduling   private static void a Context var0  String var1  String var2  long var3  String var5  SAPeerAgent var6        ComponentName var7   new ComponentName var0  SAJobService class       Builder var10       var10   new Builder a    var7   setOverrideDeadline 3000L       PersistableBundle var8       var8   new PersistableBundle    putString  action   var1       var8 putString  agentImplclass   var2       var8 putLong  transactionId   var3       var8 putString  agentId   var5       if  var6    null            var8 putStringArray  peerAgent    String   null         else           List var9          String   var11   new String  var9   var6 d    size             var11    String   var9 toArray var11           var8 putStringArray  peerAgent   var11              var10 setExtras var8         JobScheduler var0 getSystemService  jobscheduler    schedule var10 build         As you see  the last line here uses Android d JobScheduler to get this system service and to schedule a job   In the requestAgent call we ve passed mAgentCallback  which is a callback function that will receive control when an important event happens  This is how the callback is defined in my app   private val mAgentCallback   object   SAAgentV2 RequestAgentCallback       override fun onAgentAvailable agent  SAAgentV2            mMessageService   agent as  MessageJobs         App d Accounts TAG   Agent     agent             override fun onError errorCode  Int  message  String            App d Accounts TAG   Agent initialization error   errorCode  ErrorMsg   message             MessageJobs here is a class that I ve implemented to process all requests coming from a Samsung smartwatch  It s not the full code  only a skeleton   class MessageJobs  context Context    SAAgentV2 SERVICETAG  context  MessageSocket  class java          public fun release                   override fun onServiceConnectionResponse p0  SAPeerAgent   p1  SASocket   p2  Int            super onServiceConnectionResponse p0  p1  p2          App d TAG   conn resp     p1  javaClass  name   p2               override fun onAuthenticationResponse p0  SAPeerAgent   p1  SAAuthenticationToken   p2  Int            super onAuthenticationResponse p0  p1  p2          App d TAG   Auth     p1 toString                 override protected fun onServiceConnectionRequested agent  SAPeerAgent                           override fun onFindPeerAgentsResponse peerAgents  Array lt SAPeerAgent gt    result  Int               override fun onError peerAgent  SAPeerAgent   errorMessage  String   errorCode  Int            super onError peerAgent  errorMessage  errorCode             override fun onPeerAgentsUpdated peerAgents  Array lt SAPeerAgent gt    result  Int                As you see  MessageJobs requires MessageSocket class as well that you would need to implement and that processes all messages coming from your device   Bottom line  it s not that simple and it requires some digging to internals and coding  but it works  and most importantly - it doesn t crash

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I just check the PendingIntent null or nor not before calling the    context startForegroundService service intent  function   this works for me  PendingIntent pendingIntent PendingIntent getBroadcast context 0 intent PendingIntent FLAG NO CREATE    if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   Build VERSION CODES O  amp  amp  pendingIntent  null               context startForegroundService service intent                     else                       context startService service intent

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Even after calling the startForeground in Service  It crashes on some devices if we call stopService just before onCreate is called  So  I fixed this issue by Starting the service with an additional flag   Intent intent   new Intent context  YourService class   intent putExtra  request stop   true   context startService intent     and added a check in onStartCommand to see if it was started to stop    Override public int onStartCommand Intent intent  int flags  int startId          call startForeground first     if  intent    null            boolean stopService   intent getBooleanExtra  request stop   false           if  stopService                stopSelf                           Continue with the background task     return START STICKY      P S  If the service were not running  it would start the service first  which is an overhead

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Updating Data in onStartCommand       onBind       onBind      is a better lifecycle event to initiate startForeground vs  onCreate      because onBind      passes in an Intent which may contain important data in the Bundle needed to initialize the Service  However  it is not necessary as onStartCommand      is called when the Service is created for the first time or called subsequent times after    onStartCommand       startForeground in onStartCommand      is important in order to update the Service once it has already been created    When ContextCompat startForegroundService      is called after a Service has been created onBind      and onCreate      are not called  Therefore  updated data can be passed into onStartCommand      via the Intent Bundle to update data in the Service   Sample  I m using this pattern to implement the PlayerNotificationManager in the Coinverse cryptocurrency news app   Activity   Fragment kt  context  bindService          Intent context  AudioService  class java           serviceConnection  Context BIND AUTO CREATE  ContextCompat startForegroundService          context            Intent context  AudioService  class java  apply               action   CONTENT SELECTED ACTION             putExtra CONTENT SELECTED KEY  contentToPlay content apply                   audioUrl   uri toString                               AudioService kt  private var uri  Uri   Uri parse      override fun onBind intent  Intent             AudioServiceBinder   apply               player   ExoPlayerFactory newSimpleInstance                      applicationContext                      AudioOnlyRenderersFactory applicationContext                       DefaultTrackSelector               override fun onStartCommand intent  Intent   flags  Int  startId  Int   Int       intent  let           when  intent action                CONTENT SELECTED ACTION - gt  it getParcelableExtra lt Content gt  CONTENT SELECTED KEY  also   content - gt                  val intentUri   Uri parse content audioUrl                     Checks whether to update Uri passed in Intent Bundle                  if   intentUri equals uri                         uri   intentUri                     player  prepare ProgressiveMediaSource Factory                              DefaultDataSourceFactory                                      this                                      Util getUserAgent this  getString app name                                  createMediaSource uri                       player  playWhenReady   true                        Calling  startForeground  in  buildNotification                                      buildNotification intent getParcelableExtra CONTENT SELECTED KEY                                                       return super onStartCommand intent  flags  startId        Calling  startForeground  in  onNotificationStarted        private fun buildNotification content  Content   Unit        playerNotificationManager   PlayerNotificationManager createWithNotificationChannel              this              content title              app name              if   content audioUrl isNullOrEmpty    1 else -1              object   PlayerNotificationManager MediaDescriptionAdapter                   override fun createCurrentContentIntent player  Player                         override fun getCurrentContentText player  Player                         override fun getCurrentContentTitle player  Player                         override fun getCurrentLargeIcon player  Player                                                    callback  PlayerNotificationManager BitmapCallback                                    object   PlayerNotificationManager NotificationListener                   override fun onNotificationStarted notificationId  Int  notification  Notification                        startForeground notificationId  notification                                    override fun onNotificationCancelled notificationId  Int                        stopForeground true                      stopSelf                                        return playerNotificationManager setPlayer player

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I had an issue in Pixel 3  Android 11 that when my service was running very short  then the foreground notification was not dismissed  Adding 100ms delay before stopForeground   stopSelf   seems to help  People write here that stopForeground   should be called before stopSelf    I cannot confirm  but I guess it doesn t bother to do that  public class AService extends Service     Override public void onCreate         if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   Build VERSION CODES Q            startForeground              getForegroundNotificationId                channelManager buildBackgroundInfoNotification getNotificationTitle    getNotificationText                 ServiceInfo FOREGROUND SERVICE TYPE DATA SYNC         else           startForeground getForegroundNotificationId                channelManager buildBackgroundInfoNotification getNotificationTitle    getNotificationText                       Override public int onStartCommand Intent intent  int flags  int startId        startForeground         if  hasQueueMoreItems              startWorkerThreads          else           stopForeground true           stopSelf              return START STICKY     private class WorkerRunnable implements Runnable         Override     public void run              while  getItem      null  amp  amp   isLoopInterrupted                doSomething getItem                          waitALittle            stopForeground true           stopSelf               private void waitALittle             try               Thread sleep 100             catch  InterruptedException e                e printStackTrace

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From Google s docs on Android 8 0 behavior changes      The system allows apps to call Context startForegroundService   even while the app is in the background  However  the app must call that service s startForeground   method within five seconds after the service is created    Solution  Call startForeground   in onCreate   for the Service which you use Context startForegroundService    See also  Background Execution Limits for Android 8 0  Oreo

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Since everybody visiting here is suffering the same thing  I want to share my solution that nobody else has tried before  in this question anyways   I can assure you that it is working  even on a stopped breakpoint which confirms this method   The issue is to call Service startForeground id  notification  from the service itself  right  Android Framework unfortunately does not guarantee to call Service startForeground id  notification  within Service onCreate   in 5 seconds but throws the exception anyway  so I ve come up with this way    Bind the service to a context with a binder from the service before calling Context startForegroundService   If the bind is successful  call Context startForegroundService   from the service connection and immediately call Service startForeground   inside the service connection  IMPORTANT NOTE  Call the Context bindService   method inside a try-catch because in some occasions the call can throw an exception  in which case you need to rely on calling Context startForegroundService   directly and hope it will not fail  An example can be a broadcast receiver context  however getting application context does not throw an exception in that case  but using the context directly does    This even works when I m waiting on a breakpoint after binding the service and before triggering the  startForeground  call  Waiting between 3-4 seconds do not trigger the exception while after 5 seconds it throws the exception   If the device cannot execute two lines of code in 5 seconds  then it s time to throw that in the trash    So  start with creating a service connection      Create the service connection  ServiceConnection connection   new ServiceConnection          Override     public void onServiceConnected ComponentName name  IBinder service                   The binder of the service that returns the instance that is created          MyService LocalBinder binder    MyService LocalBinder  service              The getter method to acquire the service          MyService myService   binder getService                getServiceIntent context  returns the relative service intent          context startForegroundService getServiceIntent context                This is the key  Without waiting Android Framework to call this method            inside Service onCreate    immediately call here to post the notification          myService startForeground myNotificationId  MyService getNotification                 Release the connection to prevent leaks          context unbindService this               Override     public void onBindingDied ComponentName name                Log w TAG   Binding has dead                 Override     public void onNullBinding ComponentName name                Log w TAG   Bind was null                 Override     public void onServiceDisconnected ComponentName name                Log w TAG   Service is disconnected                 Inside your service  create a binder that returns the instance of your service   public class MyService extends Service       public class LocalBinder extends Binder               public MyService getService                         return MyService this                          Create the instance on the service      private final LocalBinder binder   new LocalBinder            Return this instance from onBind method         You may also return new LocalBinder   which is        basically the same thing       Nullable      Override     public IBinder onBind Intent intent                return binder            Then  try to bind the service from that context  If it succeeds  it will call ServiceConnection onServiceConnected   method from the service connection that you re using  Then  handle the logic in the code that s shown above  An example code would look like this      Try to bind the service try        context bindService getServiceIntent context   connection                      Context BIND AUTO CREATE     catch  RuntimeException ignored            This is probably a broadcast receiver context even though we are calling getApplicationContext            Just call startForegroundService instead since we cannot bind a service to a         broadcast receiver context  The service also have to call startForeground in         this case       context startForegroundService getServiceIntent context        It seems to be working on the applications that I develop  so it should work when you try as well

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I ve been researching this issue and this is what I ve discovered so far  This crash could happen if we have code similar to this   MyForegroundService java  public class MyForegroundService extends Service        Override     public void onCreate             super onCreate            startForeground                 MainActivity java  Intent serviceIntent   new Intent this  MyForegroundService class   startForegroundService serviceIntent       stopService serviceIntent     The exception is thrown in the following block of the code   ActiveServices java  private final void bringDownServiceLocked ServiceRecord r                if  r fgRequired            Slog w TAG SERVICE   Bringing down service while still waiting for start foreground                        r           r fgRequired   false          r fgWaiting   false          mAm mAppOpsService finishOperation AppOpsManager getToken mAm mAppOpsService                       AppOpsManager OP START FOREGROUND  r appInfo uid  r packageName           mAm mHandler removeMessages                      ActivityManagerService SERVICE FOREGROUND TIMEOUT MSG  r           if  r app    null                Message msg   mAm mHandler obtainMessage                  ActivityManagerService SERVICE FOREGROUND CRASH MSG               msg obj   r app              msg getData   putCharSequence                  ActivityManagerService SERVICE RECORD KEY  r toString                 mAm mHandler sendMessage msg                                This method is executed before onCreate   of MyForegroundService because Android schedules the creation of the service on the main thread handler but bringDownServiceLocked is called on a BinderThread  wich is a race condition  It means that MyForegroundService didn t have a chance to call startForeground which will cause the crash   To fix this we have to make sure that bringDownServiceLocked is not called before onCreate   of MyForegroundService   public class MyForegroundService extends Service        private static final String ACTION STOP    com example MyForegroundService ACTION STOP        private final BroadcastReceiver stopReceiver   new BroadcastReceiver              Override         public void onReceive Context context  Intent intent                context removeStickyBroadcast intent               stopForeground true               stopSelf                           Override     public void onCreate             super onCreate            startForeground               registerReceiver              stopReceiver  new IntentFilter ACTION STOP                Override     public void onDestroy             super onDestroy            unregisterReceiver stopReceiver              public static void stop Context context            context sendStickyBroadcast new Intent ACTION STOP              By using sticky broadcasts we make sure that the broadcast doesn t get lost and stopReceiver receives the stop intent as soon as it has been registered in onCreate   of MyForegroundService  By this time we have already called startForeground       We also have to remove that sticky broadcast to prevent stopReceiver being notified next time   Please note that the method sendStickyBroadcast is deprecated and I use it only as a temporary workaround to fix this issue

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Please don t call any StartForgroundServices inside onCreate   method  you have to call StartForground services in onStartCommand   after make the worker thread otherwise you will get ANR always   so please don t write complex login in main thread of onStartCommand     public class Services extends Service        private static final String ANDROID CHANNEL ID    com xxxx Location Channel        Nullable      Override     public IBinder onBind Intent intent            return null               Override     public int onStartCommand Intent intent  int flags  int startId             if  Build VERSION SDK INT  gt   Build VERSION CODES O                Notification Builder builder   new Notification Builder this  ANDROID CHANNEL ID                       setContentTitle getString R string app name                        setContentText  SmartTracker Running                        setAutoCancel true               Notification notification   builder build                startForeground 0  notification               Log e  home button   home button              else               NotificationCompat Builder builder   new NotificationCompat Builder this                       setContentTitle getString R string app name                        setContentText  SmartTracker is Running                           setPriority NotificationCompat PRIORITY DEFAULT                       setAutoCancel true               Notification notification   builder build                startForeground 0  notification               Log e  home button value   home button value                       return super onStartCommand intent  flags  startId              EDIT  Caution  startForeground function can t take 0 as first argument  it will raise an exception  this example contains wrong function call  change 0 to your own const which couldnt be 0 or be greater than Max Int32

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Just a heads up as I wasted way too many hours on this  I kept getting this exception even though I was calling startForeground     as the first thing in onCreate       In the end I found that the problem was caused by using NOTIFICATION ID   0  Using any other value seems to fix this

[android] Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service.startForeground()

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