Select both the column you are sorting, and the column that the picture is in (I am assuming the picture is small compared to the cell, i.e. it is "in" the cell). Make sure that the object positioning property is set as "move but don't size with cells". Now if you do a sort, the pictures will move with the list being sorted.
Note - you must include the column with the picture in your range when you sort, and the picture must fit inside the cell.
The following VBA snippet will make sure all pictures in your spreadsheet have their "move and size" property set:
Sub moveAndSize()
Dim s As Shape
For Each s In ActiveSheet.Shapes
If s.Type = msoPicture Or s.Type = msoLinkedPicture Or s.Type = msoPlaceholder Then
s.Placement = xlMove
End If
Next
End Sub
If you want to make sure the picture continues to fit after you move it, you can use xlMoveAndSize instead of xlMove.