Failed to install Python Cryptography package with PIP and setup py

Question

When I try to install the Cryptography package for Python through either pip install cryptography or by downloading the package from their site and running python setup py  I get the following error     D  Anaconda Scripts pip-script py run on 02 27 14 16 13 17 Downloading unpacking cryptography   Getting page https   pypi python org simple cryptography    URLs to search for versions for cryptography      https   pypi python org simple cryptography    Analyzing links from page https   pypi python org simple cryptography      Skipping https   pypi python org packages cp26 c cryptography cryptography-0 2-cp26-none-win32 whl md5 13e5c4b19520e7dc6f07c6502b3f74e2  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography   because it is not compatible with this Python     Skipping https   pypi python org packages cp26 c cryptography cryptography-0 2 1-cp26-none-win32 whl md5 00e733648ee5cdb9e58876238b1328f8  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography   because it is not compatible with this Python     Skipping https   pypi python org packages cp27 c cryptography cryptography-0 2-cp27-none-win32 whl md5 013ccafa6a5a3ea92c73f2c1c4879406  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography   because it is not compatible with this Python     Skipping https   pypi python org packages cp27 c cryptography cryptography-0 2 1-cp27-none-win32 whl md5 127d6a5dc687250721f892d55720a06c  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography   because it is not compatible with this Python     Skipping https   pypi python org packages cp32 c cryptography cryptography-0 2-cp32-none-win32 whl md5 051424a36e91039807b72f112333ded3  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography   because it is not compatible with this Python     Skipping https   pypi python org packages cp32 c cryptography cryptography-0 2 1-cp32-none-win32 whl md5 53f6f57db8e952d64283baaa14cbde3d  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography   because it is not compatible with this Python     Skipping https   pypi python org packages cp33 c cryptography cryptography-0 2-cp33-none-win32 whl md5 302812c1c1a035cf9ba3292f8dbf3f9e  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography   because it is not compatible with this Python     Skipping https   pypi python org packages cp33 c cryptography cryptography-0 2 1-cp33-none-win32 whl md5 81acca90caf8a45f2ca73f3f9859fae4  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography   because it is not compatible with this Python     Found link https   pypi python org packages source c cryptography cryptography-0 1 tar gz md5 bdc1c5fe069deca7467b71a0cc538f17  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography    version  0 1     Found link https   pypi python org packages source c cryptography cryptography-0 2 1 tar gz md5 872fc04268dadc66a0305ae5ab1c123b  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography    version  0 2 1     Found link https   pypi python org packages source c cryptography cryptography-0 2 tar gz md5 8a3d21e837a21e1b7634ee1f22b06bb6  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography    version  0 2   Using version 0 2 1  newest of versions  0 2 1  0 2  0 1    Downloading from URL https   pypi python org packages source c cryptography cryptography-0 2 1 tar gz md5 872fc04268dadc66a0305ae5ab1c123b  from https   pypi python org simple cryptography     Running setup py  path c  users paco appdata local temp pip build Paco cryptography setup py  egg info for package cryptography     In file included from c  cffi backend c 7 0      c misc win32 h 225 23  error  two or more data types in declaration specifiers     c misc win32 h 225 1  warning  useless type name in empty declaration  enabled by default      c  cffi backend c  In function  convert array from object       c  cffi backend c 1105 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1105 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c 1130 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1130 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c 1150 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1150 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c  In function  convert struct from object       c  cffi backend c 1183 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1183 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c 1196 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1196 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c  In function  cdata repr       c  cffi backend c 1583 13  warning  unknown conversion type character  L  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1583 13  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c 1595 9  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1595 9  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c  In function  cdataowning repr       c  cffi backend c 1647 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1647 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c  In function   cdata get indexed ptr       c  cffi backend c 1820 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1820 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1820 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c  In function   cdata getslicearg       c  cffi backend c 1872 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1872 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1872 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c  In function  cdata ass slice       c  cffi backend c 1951 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1951 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1951 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c 1969 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1969 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1969 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c 1983 22  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 1983 22  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c  In function  cdata call       c  cffi backend c 2367 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 2367 30  warning  format   s  expects argument of type  char     but argument 3 has type  Py ssize t   -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 2367 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c  In function  cast to integer or char       c  cffi backend c 2916 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 2916 26  warning  format   s  expects argument of type  char     but argument 3 has type  Py ssize t   -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 2916 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c 2928 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 2928 26  warning  format   s  expects argument of type  char     but argument 3 has type  Py ssize t   -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 2928 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c  In function  new array type       c  cffi backend c 3480 9  warning  unknown conversion type character  l  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 3480 9  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      c  cffi backend c  In function  b complete struct or union       c  cffi backend c 3878 22  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 3878 22  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat      c  cffi backend c 3878 22  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args      Traceback  most recent call last         File   lt string gt    line 17  in  lt module gt        File  c  users paco appdata local temp pip build Paco cryptography setup py   line 113  in  lt module gt           build   cffi build        File  D  Anaconda lib distutils core py   line 112  in setup          setup distribution   dist   klass attrs        File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools dist py   line 239  in   init         File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools dist py   line 264  in fetch build eggs       File  build bdist win-amd64 egg pkg resources py   line 580  in resolve         dist   best req key    env best match req  ws  installer        File  build bdist win-amd64 egg pkg resources py   line 818  in best match         return self obtain req  installer    try and download install       File  build bdist win-amd64 egg pkg resources py   line 830  in obtain         return installer requirement        File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools dist py   line 314  in fetch build egg       File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools command easy install py   line 593  in easy install        File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools command easy install py   line 623  in install item        File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools command easy install py   line 809  in install eggs        File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools command easy install py   line 1015  in build and install        File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools command easy install py   line 1003  in run setup      distutils errors DistutilsError  Setup script exited with error  command  gcc  failed with exit status 1     Complete output from command python setup py egg info      In file included from c  cffi backend c 7 0   c misc win32 h 225 23  error  two or more data types in declaration specifiers  c misc win32 h 225 1  warning  useless type name in empty declaration  enabled by default   c  cffi backend c  In function  convert array from object    c  cffi backend c 1105 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1105 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c 1130 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1130 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c 1150 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1150 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c  In function  convert struct from object    c  cffi backend c 1183 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1183 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c 1196 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1196 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c  In function  cdata repr    c  cffi backend c 1583 13  warning  unknown conversion type character  L  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1583 13  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c 1595 9  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1595 9  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c  In function  cdataowning repr    c  cffi backend c 1647 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1647 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c  In function   cdata get indexed ptr    c  cffi backend c 1820 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1820 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1820 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c  In function   cdata getslicearg    c  cffi backend c 1872 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1872 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1872 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c  In function  cdata ass slice    c  cffi backend c 1951 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1951 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1951 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c 1969 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1969 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1969 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c 1983 22  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 1983 22  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c  In function  cdata call    c  cffi backend c 2367 30  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 2367 30  warning  format   s  expects argument of type  char     but argument 3 has type  Py ssize t   -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 2367 30  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c  In function  cast to integer or char    c  cffi backend c 2916 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 2916 26  warning  format   s  expects argument of type  char     but argument 3 has type  Py ssize t   -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 2916 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c 2928 26  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 2928 26  warning  format   s  expects argument of type  char     but argument 3 has type  Py ssize t   -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 2928 26  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c  In function  new array type    c  cffi backend c 3480 9  warning  unknown conversion type character  l  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 3480 9  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   c  cffi backend c  In function  b complete struct or union    c  cffi backend c 3878 22  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 3878 22  warning  unknown conversion type character  z  in format  -Wformat   c  cffi backend c 3878 22  warning  too many arguments for format  -Wformat-extra-args   Traceback  most recent call last      File   lt string gt    line 17  in  lt module gt     File  c  users paco appdata local temp pip build Paco cryptography setup py   line 113  in  lt module gt        build   cffi build     File  D  Anaconda lib distutils core py   line 112  in setup       setup distribution   dist   klass attrs     File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools dist py   line 239  in   init      File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools dist py   line 264  in fetch build eggs    File  build bdist win-amd64 egg pkg resources py   line 580  in resolve      dist   best req key    env best match req  ws  installer     File  build bdist win-amd64 egg pkg resources py   line 818  in best match      return self obtain req  installer    try and download install    File  build bdist win-amd64 egg pkg resources py   line 830  in obtain      return installer requirement     File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools dist py   line 314  in fetch build egg    File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools command easy install py   line 593  in easy install      File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools command easy install py   line 623  in install item      File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools command easy install py   line 809  in install eggs      File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools command easy install py   line 1015  in build and install      File  build bdist win-amd64 egg setuptools command easy install py   line 1003  in run setup    distutils errors DistutilsError  Setup script exited with error  command  gcc  failed with exit status 1  ---------------------------------------- Cleaning up      Removing temporary dir c  users paco appdata local temp pip build Paco    Command python setup py egg info failed with error code 1 in c  users paco appdata local temp pip build Paco cryptography Exception information  Traceback  most recent call last     File  D  Anaconda lib site-packages pip-1 5 4-py2 7 egg pip basecommand py   line 122  in main     status   self run options  args    File  D  Anaconda lib site-packages pip-1 5 4-py2 7 egg pip commands install py   line 278  in run     requirement set prepare files finder  force root egg info self bundle  bundle self bundle    File  D  Anaconda lib site-packages pip-1 5 4-py2 7 egg pip req py   line 1229  in prepare files     req to install run egg info     File  D  Anaconda lib site-packages pip-1 5 4-py2 7 egg pip req py   line 325  in run egg info     command desc  python setup py egg info     File  D  Anaconda lib site-packages pip-1 5 4-py2 7 egg pip util py   line 697  in call subprocess        command desc  proc returncode  cwd   InstallationError  Command python setup py egg info failed with error code 1 in c  users paco appdata local temp pip build Paco cryptography   I found other egg info error posts  here and here  but the solutions there provided wouldn t solve my problem  Also  I am able to install other packages through PIP   PIP version 1 5 4 setuptools version 2 2

User · Answer

This solved the problem for me  Ubuntu 16 04    sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python-dev python3-dev   and then it was working like this   pip install cryptography pip install pyopenssl ndg-httpsclient pyasn1

User · Answer

If you are using python3  you need to install python3-dev  This fixed my problem sudo apt-get install python3-dev

User · Answer

I resolved this by upgrading from cryptography 1 9 to 2 4 2

User · Answer

I was having issues with installing cryptography  1 7 1 on Ubuntu 16 04 and none of the answers above helped  So  I upgraded the requirement to a compatible 1 8 2 and the setup was successful  Note that you would still need build essentials  amp  other dependencies mentioned in the top  most upvoted  answer

User · Answer

I actually ran into this same prob trying to install Scrapy which depends on cryptography being installed first  I m on Win764-bit with Python 2 7 64-bit installed   jsonm s answer eventually worked for me  but first I had to Copy C  Program Files  x86  Microsoft Visual Studio 9 0 VC bin vcvarsx86 amd64 bat to the x86 amd64 subdir within that bin dir so the vcvarsall bat would stop throwing an error saying it was missing the config  If you need to configure env vars for a different setup  be sure to copy to corresponding vcvars bat file to the corresponding subdir or the first command below might not work   Then I ran the following from a commandline as per  jsonm s instructions  tweaked for my config        C   gt   C  Program Files  x86  Microsoft Visual Studio 9 0 VC vcvarsall bat  x86 amd64  C   gt  set LIB C  OpenSSL-Win64 lib  LIB   C   gt  set INCLUDE C  OpenSSL-Win64 include  INCLUDE   C   gt  pip install cryptography   And it worked

User · Answer

Those two commands fixed it for me   brew install openssl brew link openssl --force   Source  https   github com phusion passenger issues 1630 issuecomment-147527656

User · Answer

I noticed the original poster was clearly using a windows installation    and the best answers above are all for other OSs    so here goes  This assumes you have installed Python 2 7 which is the most widely supported  though old  version    Install the  Visual C   Compiler for Python  Open an Administrative command prompt window Re-run pip install  package   e g    cd C  Python27 Scripts pip install cryptography   or pycrypto  fabric  etc

User · Answer

I tried many solutions above  but only after the installation of the following lib I could install cryptography  sudo apt install libssl1 0  I m using Ubuntu 18 04  but it will work on Ubuntu 18 10 as well  UPD  To solve this error on Ubuntu 20 I had to replace cryptography  1 9  with cryptography  2 1 1

User · Answer

This worked for me in El Capitan  brew install pkg-config libffi openssl env LDFLAGS  -L  brew --prefix openssl  lib  CFLAGS  -I  brew --prefix openssl  include  pip install cryptography   You can also check the thread here   https   github com pyca cryptography issues 2350

User · Answer

Had same issue in Cygwin  this is what helped me sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libjpeg8-dev zlib1g-dev  but instead of sudo apt-get install  I installed those packages via Cygwin Source of this code

User · Answer

In case that you are dockerizing your python application  your Dockerfile needs to have something like  FROM python 3 7-alpine RUN apk add --update alpine-sdk  amp  amp  apk add libffi-dev openssl-dev RUN pip install cryptography

User · Answer

This worked for me  I m using Ubuntu 14 04    first install libffi-dev libssl-dev libpython2 7-dev   sudo apt-get install libffi-dev libssl-dev libpython2 7-dev   then inside virtualenv   pip install cryptography pip install pyopenssl ndg-httpsclient pyasn1   Sources    https   stackoverflow com a 32800685 5123544  https   stackoverflow com a 29202163 5123544

User · Answer

Use conda instead None of the proposed solutions worked for me on Raspbian 10  buster  so I just installed it via conda and voila  conda install -c anaconda cryptography   P S    I know that the question mentions pip but I see that OP is using a conda installation so I thought of sharing this solution anyway  Nevertheless  since this problem is apparently OS-specific  it s meaningful to remind one that conda is a cross-platform and language-agnostic solution which may also install necessary binaries apart from python packages - with just an one-liner

User · Answer

I am having same problem   pip install cryptography        Installing collected packages  cffi  cryptography      Running setup py install for cffi     error   Then I install libffi-devel and problem is solved  yum install libffi-devel

User · Answer

If you are building a python package distribution in a  gitlab-ci yml file in for GitLab CI that uses a gitlab runner deployed in an AWS EC2 machine    - apk add --update alpine-sdk  amp  amp     - apk add libffi-dev openssl-dev  amp  amp     - apk --no-cache --update add build-base

User · Answer

For those of you running OS X  here is what worked for me   brew install openssl env ARCHFLAGS  -arch x86 64  LDFLAGS  -L usr local opt openssl lib  CFLAGS  -I usr local opt openssl include  pip install cryptography    Running 10 9 Mavericks   You may also want to try merging the flags and pip commands to the following per the comment below   brew install openssl env ARCHFLAGS  -arch x86 64  LDFLAGS  -L usr local opt openssl lib  CFLAGS  -I usr local opt openssl include  pip install cryptography

User · Answer

I had a similar issue  and found I was simply missing a dependency  libssl-dev  for me   As referenced in https   cryptography io en latest installation   ensure that all dependencies are met  On Windows If you   re on Windows you   ll need to make sure you have OpenSSL installed  There are pre-compiled binaries available  If your installation is in an unusual location set the LIB and INCLUDE environment variables to include the corresponding locations  For example  C   gt   path to vcvarsall bat x86 amd64 C   gt  set LIB C  OpenSSL-1 0 1f-64bit lib  LIB  C   gt  set INCLUDE C  OpenSSL-1 0 1f-64bit include  INCLUDE  C   gt  pip install cryptography  Building cryptography on Linux cryptography should build very easily on Linux provided you have a C compiler  headers for Python  if you   re not using pypy   and headers for the OpenSSL and libffi libraries available on your system  For Debian and Ubuntu  the following command will ensure that the required dependencies are installed  sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python-dev  For Fedora and RHEL-derivatives  the following command will ensure that the required dependencies are installed  sudo yum install gcc libffi-devel python-devel OpenSSL-devel  You should now be able to build and install cryptography with the usual  pip install cryptography

User · Answer

How I solved  Failed cleaning build dir for cryptography   I came here from google to result for this error    note  using a virtualenv   TL DR   my file  etc apt sources list wasn t correctly configured for my debian 8   Explanations   I wanted to install paramiko  paramiko needs cryptography   I got these errors  first with pip install cryptography           ----------------------------------------   Failed cleaning build dir for cryptography Failed to build cryptography           ---------------------------------------- Command   home myuser pyenvs testo bin python -u -c  import setuptools  tokenize   file     tmp pip-build-HXWKAO cryptography setup py  exec compile getattr tokenize   open   open    file    read   replace   r n     n      file     exec     install --record  tmp pip-WjqY6V-record install-record txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers  home myuser pyenvs testo include site python2 7 cryptography  failed with error code 1 in  tmp pip-build-HXWKAO cryptography    and then with sudo apt-get install build-essential    Reading package lists    Done Building dependency tree Reading state information    Done Some packages could not be installed  This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming  The following information may help to resolve the situation   The following packages have unmet dependencies   build-essential   Depends  libc6-dev but it is not going to be installed  gt  or                             libc-dev                    Depends  gcc   gt   4 4 4 3  but it is not going to be installed                    Depends  g     gt   4 4 4 3  but it is not going to be installed E  Unable to correct problems  you have held broken packages     Not exactly the same errors as OP but I m here to help eventually   Solving   After testing almost every command from every posts I end up going on https   wiki debian org SourcesList and copy pasted my adequate config in the file  etc apt sources list  then   sudo aptitude update  and then  sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python-dev  and then  pip install cryptography  hth

User · Answer

This is a condensed version of the information found on cryptography s installation docs page  Consult that page for the latest details  Since this SO question keeps coming up I ll drop a response here too  I am one of the pyca cryptography developers   Here s what you need to reliably install pyca cryptography on the 3 major platforms  Please note in all these cases it is highly recommended that you install into a virtualenv and not into the global package space  This is not specific to cryptography but rather is generic advice to keep your Python installation reliable  The global package space in OS provided Pythons is owned by the system and installing things via pip into it is asking for trouble  Windows Upgrade to the latest pip and just pip install cryptography cryptography and cffi are both shipped as statically linked wheels  macOS  OS X  Upgrade to the latest pip and just pip install cryptography cryptography and cffi are both shipped as statically linked wheels  This will work for pyenv Python  system Python  homebrew Python  etc  As long as you re on the latest pip you won t even need a compiler  Linux Users with the latest pip running on a glibc-based distribution  almost everything except Alpine Linux  and on x86 x86-64 aarch64 no longer need a compiler or headers because you ll get a precompiled wheel automatically  So  first thing you should try is upgrading your pip  If you aren t manylinux compatible then here s what you need to do  You ll need a C compiler  a Rust compiler  libffi   its development headers  and openssl   its development headers  Debian or Ubuntu derived distributions apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python-dev followed by pip install cryptography Red Hat derived distributions yum install gcc openssl-devel libffi-devel python-devel followed by pip install cryptography Note that as of version 3 4 cryptography now requires a Rust compiler at build time  not at runtime  so you will additionally need Rust  gt   1 41 0  Check your distribution s rust or install it via rustup

User · Answer

I was having a problem running sudo pip install cryptography because it would not find ffi when trying to compile   OSX - Yosemite   I solved it by downloading libffi and setting up the env var     brew install pkg-config libffi   export PKG CONFIG PATH  usr local Cellar libffi 3 0 13 lib pkgconfig    pip install cryptography

User · Answer

Nick Woodham s answer didn t work on OSX 10 11 El Capitan for me  but this did   brew install openssl CFLAGS  -I usr local opt openssl include  pip install cryptography  0 8

User · Answer

I encountered a similar issue recently  In my case the versions of cffi and cryptography written in requirements txt weren t compatible  cffi  1 8 9 and cryptography  1 9   I solved updating cffi with the last available version

User · Answer

i downloaded paramiko full source code from pypi and did  python setup py install  it worked flawlessly  all default pythondev   openssl  libffi packages are already present in rhel   downloading rpms have rpm mismatch and more trouble

User · Answer

Apparently on recent versions of OSX this may be caused by Apple shipping their own version of OpenSSL  which doesn t work with the cryptography library    Recent versions of the cryptography library ship with their own native dependencies  but to get them you ll need to upgrade pip  and possibly also virtual env  So for me  the solution was   pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall pip virtualenv

User · Answer

This works on El Capitan with MacPorts     sudo port install openssl   env LDFLAGS  -L opt local lib  CFLAGS  -I opt local include  pip install cryptography

User · Answer

I had this error too  After continuing to get this error even after installing openSSL  I eventually tried installing from wheel files from https   pypi python org pypi cryptography 0 2 2 downloads  It worked

[python] Failed to install Python Cryptography package with PIP and setup.py

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