Background image jumps when address bar hides iOS Android Mobile Chrome

Question

I m currently developing a responsive site using Twitter Bootstrap   The site has a full screen background image across mobile tablet desktop  These images rotate and fade through each  using two divs   It s nearly perfect  except one issue  Using iOS Safari  Android Browser or Chrome on Android the background jumps slightly when a user scrolls down the page and causes the address bar to hide   The site is here  http   lt2 daveclarke me   Visit it on a mobile device and scroll down and you should see the image resize move    The code I m using for the background DIV is as follows    bg1       background-color   3d3d3f      background-repeat no-repeat      background-attachment fixed      background-position center center      -webkit-background-size  cover      -moz-background-size  cover      -o-background-size  cover      background-size  cover  position fixed      width 100       height 100       left 0px      top 0px      z-index -1      display none      All suggestions welcome - this has been doing my head in for a while

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With the support of CSS custom properties  variables  in iOS  you can set these with JS and use them on iOS only   const iOS    iPad iPhone iPod  test navigator userAgent   amp  amp   window MSStream  if  iOS      document body classList add  ios      const vh   window innerHeight   100    document documentElement style      setProperty  --ios-10-vh      10   vh px      document documentElement style      setProperty  --ios-50-vh      50   vh px      document documentElement style      setProperty  --ios-100-vh      100   vh px        body ios        side-nav           top  var --ios-50-vh             section           min-height  var --ios-100-vh            container               position  relative              padding-top  var --ios-10-vh               padding-bottom  var --ios-10-vh

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I set my width element  with javascript  After I set the de vh   html   lt div id  gifimage  gt  lt img src  back phone back png  style  width  100   gt  lt  div gt    css   gifimage       position  absolute      height  70vh      javascript   imageHeight   document getElementById  gifimage   clientHeight      if  isMobile         document getElementById  gifimage   setAttribute  style   height     imageHeight    px      This works for me  I don t use jquery ect  because I want it to load as soon as posible

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My answer is for everyone who comes here  like I did  to find an answer for a bug caused by the hiding address bare   browser interface   The hiding address bar causes the resize-event to trigger  But different than other resize-events  like switching to landscape mode  this doesn t change the width of the window  So my solution is to hook into the resize event and check if the width is the same       Keep track of window width let myWindowWidth   window innerWidth   window addEventListener   resize   function event            If width is the same  assume hiding address bar     if  myWindowWidth    window innerWidth              return                Update the window width     myWindowWidth   window innerWidth          Do your thing

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It took a few hours to understand all the details of this problem and figure out the best implementation  It turns out as of April 2016 only iOS Chrome has this problem  I tried on Android Chrome and iOS Safari-- both were fine without this fix  So the fix for iOS Chrome I m using is     document  ready function        var screenHeight     window  height          div-with-background-image   css  height   screenHeight    px

User · Answer

Similar to  AlexKempton answer   couldn t comment sorry   I ve been using long transition delays to prevent the element resizing   eg    transition  height 250ms 600s    10min delay     The tradeoff with this is it prevents resizing of the element including on device rotating  however  you could use some JS to detect orientationchange and reset the height if this was an issue

User · Answer

This is the best solution  simplest  above everything I have tried      And this does not keep the native experience of the address bar   You could set the height with CSS to 100  for example  and then set the height to 0 9   of the window height in px with javascript  when the document is loaded   For example with jQuery       element   css  height   0 9   window  height         Unfortunately there isn t anything that works with pure CSS  P but also be minfull that vh and vw are buggy on iPhones - use percentages

User · Answer

I created a vanilla javascript solution to using VH units  Using VH pretty much anywhere is effected by address bars minimizing on scroll  To fix the jank that shows when the page redraws  I ve got this js here that will grab all your elements using VH units  if you give them the class  vh-fix   and give them inlined pixel heights  Essentially freezing them at the height we want  You could do this on rotation or on viewport size change to stay responsive   var els   document querySelectorAll   vh-fix   if   els length  return  for  var i   0  i  lt  els length  i        var el   els i    if  el nodeName      IMG         el onload   function           this style height   this clientHeight    px            else       el style height   el clientHeight    px          This has solved all my use cases  hope it helps

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I found a really easy solution without the use of Javascript   transition  height 1000000s ease  -webkit-transition  height 1000000s ease  -moz-transition  height 1000000s ease  -o-transition  height 1000000s ease    All this does is delay the movement so that it s incredibly slow that it s not noticeable

User · Answer

This issue is caused by the URL bars shrinking sliding out of the way and changing the size of  the  bg1 and  bg2 divs since they are 100  height and  fixed   Since the background image is set to  cover  it will adjust the image size position as the containing area is larger   Based on the responsive nature of the site  the background must scale  I entertain two possible solutions   1  Set the  bg1   bg2 height to 100vh  In theory  this an elegant solution  However  iOS has a vh bug  http   thatemil com blog 2013 06 13 viewport-relative-unit-strangeness-in-ios-6    I attempted using a max-height to prevent the issue  but it remained    2  The viewport size  when determined by Javascript  is not affected by the URL bar  Therefore  Javascript can be used to set a static height on the  bg1 and  bg2 based on the viewport size  This is not the best solution as it isn t pure CSS and there is a slight image jump on page load  However  it is the only viable solution I see considering iOS s  vh  bugs  which do not appear to be fixed in iOS 7    var bg       bg1   bg2     function resizeBackground         bg height   window  height          window  resize resizeBackground   resizeBackground      On a side note  I ve seen so many issues with these resizing URL bars in iOS and Android  I understand the purpose  but they really need to think through the strange functionality and havoc they bring to websites  The latest change  is you can no longer  hide  the URL bar on page load on iOS or Chrome using scroll tricks   EDIT  While the above script works perfectly for keeping the background from resizing  it causes a noticeable gap when users scroll down  This is because it is keeping the background sized to 100  of the screen height minus the URL bar  If we add 60px to the height  as swiss suggests  this problem goes away  It does mean we don t get to see the bottom 60px of the background image when the URL bar is present  but it prevents users from ever seeing a gap   function resizeBackground         bg height    window  height     60

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I found that Jason s answer wasn t quite working for me and I was still getting a jump  The Javascript ensured there was no gap at the top of the page but the background was still jumping whenever the address bar disappeared reappeared  So as well as the Javascript fix  I applied transition  height 999999s to the div  This creates a transition with a duration so long that it virtually freezes the element

User · Answer

I ran into this issue as well when I was trying to create an entrance screen that would cover the whole viewport  Unfortunately  the accepted answer no longer works   1  Elements with the height set to 100vh get resized every time the viewport size changes  including those cases when it is caused by  dis appearing URL bar   2    window  height   returns values also affected by the size of the URL bar   One solution is to  freeze  the element using transition  height 999999s as suggested in the answer by AlexKempton  The disadvantage is that this effectively disables adaptation to all viewport size changes  including those caused by screen rotation   So my solution is to manage viewport changes manually using JavaScript  That enables me to ignore the small changes that are likely to be caused by the URL bar and react only on the big ones   function greedyJumbotron         var HEIGHT CHANGE TOLERANCE   100     Approximately URL bar height in Chrome on tablet      var jumbotron     this       var viewportHeight     window  height           window  resize function              if  Math abs viewportHeight -   window  height     gt  HEIGHT CHANGE TOLERANCE                viewportHeight     window  height                update                           function update             jumbotron css  height   viewportHeight    px               update           greedy-jumbotron   each greedyJumbotron     EDIT  I actually use this technique together with height  100vh  The page is rendered properly from the very beginning and then the javascript kicks in and starts managing the height manually  This way there is no flickering at all while the page is loading  or even afterwards

User · Answer

The problem can be solved with a media query and some math  Here s a solution for a portait orientation    media  max-device-aspect-ratio  3 4      height  calc 100vw   1 333 - 9       media  max-device-aspect-ratio  2 3      height  calc 100vw   1 5 - 9       media  max-device-aspect-ratio  10 16      height  calc 100vw   1 6 - 9       media  max-device-aspect-ratio  9 16      height  calc 100vw   1 778 - 9        Since vh will change when the url bar dissapears  you need to determine the height another way  Thankfully  the width of the viewport is constant and mobile devices only come in a few different aspect ratios  if you can determine the width and the aspect ratio  a little math will give you the viewport height exactly as vh should work  Here s the process  1  Create a series of media queries for aspect ratios you want to target    use device-aspect-ratio instead of aspect-ratio because the latter will resize when the url bar dissapears I added  max  to the device-aspect-ratio to target any aspect ratios that happen to follow in between the most popular  THey won t be as precise  but they will be only for a minority of users and will still be pretty close to the proper vh  remember the media query using horizontal vertical   so for portait you ll need to flip the numbers   2  for each media query multiply whatever percentage of vertical height you want the element to be in vw by the reverse of the aspect ratio     Since you know the width and the ratio of width to height  you just multiply the   you want  100  in your case  by the ratio of height width     3  You have to determine the url bar height  and then minus that from the height  I haven t found exact measurements  but I use 9  for mobile devices in landscape and that seems to work fairly well   This isn t a very elegant solution  but the other options aren t very good either  considering they are      Having your website seem buggy to the user   having improperly sized elements  or  Using javascript for some basic styling     The drawback is some devices may have different url bar heights or aspect ratios than the most popular  However  using this method if only a small number of devices suffer the addition subtraction of a few pixels  that seems much better to me than everyone having a website resize when swiping    To make it easier  I also created a SASS mixin    mixin vh-fix      media  max-device-aspect-ratio  3 4        height  calc 100vw   1 333 - 9           media  max-device-aspect-ratio  2 3        height  calc 100vw   1 5 - 9           media  max-device-aspect-ratio  10 16        height  calc 100vw   1 6 - 9           media  max-device-aspect-ratio  9 16        height  calc 100vw   1 778 - 9

User · Answer

this is my solution to resolve this issue  i have added comments directly on code  I ve tested this solution and works fine  Hope we will be useful for everyone has the same problem     remove height property from file css because we will set it to first run of page   insert this snippet in a script after declarations of your scripts in your index  var setHeight   function           var h     window  height             bg1   bg2   css  height   h       setHeight       at first run of webpage we set css height with a fixed value  if typeof window orientation      undefined        this is more smart to detect mobile devices because desktop doesn t support this property   var query   window matchMedia   orientation landscape       this is is important to verify if we put    var changeHeight   function query                           mobile device in landscape mode     if  query matches                                          if yes we set again height to occupy 100        setHeight       landscape mode       else                                                    if we go back to portrait we set again       setHeight       portrait mode             query addListener changeHeight                              add a listner too this event    else     desktop mode                                         this last part is only for non mobile      window   resize function                                  so in this case we use resize to have     setHeight                                                  responsivity resisizing browser window

User · Answer

The solution I came up with when having similar problem was to set height of element to window innerHeight every time touchmove event was fired   var lastHeight          window  on  resize   function             remove height when normal resize event is fired and content redrawn     if  lastHeight                bg1   height lastHeight                 on  touchmove   function             when window height changes adjust height of the div     if  lastHeight    window innerHeight                bg1   height lastHeight   window innerHeight               This makes the element span exactly 100  of the available screen at all times  no more and no less  Even during address bar hiding or showing   Nevertheless it s a pity that we have to come up with that kind of patches  where simple position  fixed should work

User · Answer

My solution involved a bit of javascript  Keep the 100  or 100vh on the div  this will avoid the div not appearing on initial page load   Then when the page loads  grab the window height and apply it to the element in question  Avoids the jump because now you have a static height on your div   var  hero       hero-wrapper        h       window innerHeight    hero css  height   h

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All of the answers here are using window height  which is affected by the URL bar  Has everyone forgotten about screen height   Here s my jQuery solution     function       var  w     window          background       background          Fix background image jump on mobile   if    Android iPhone iPad iPod BlackBerry i  test navigator userAgent    navigator vendor    window opera          background css   top    auto    bottom   0          w resize sizeBackground       sizeBackground           function sizeBackground           background height screen height             Adding the  css   part is changing the inevitably top-aligned absolute positioned element to bottom aligned  so there is no jump at all  Although  I suppose there s no reason not to just add that directly to the normal CSS   We need the user agent sniffer because screen height on desktops would not be helpful   Also  this is all assuming  background is a fixed-position element filling the window   For the JavaScript purists  warning--untested    var background   document getElementById  background        Fix background image jump on mobile if    Android iPhone iPad iPod BlackBerry i  test navigator userAgent    navigator vendor    window opera       background style top    auto     background style bottom   0     window onresize   sizeBackground    sizeBackground       function sizeBackground       background style height   screen height      EDIT  Sorry that this does not directly answer your specific problem with more than one background  But this is one of the first results when searching for this problem of fixed backgrounds jumping on mobile

User · Answer

The solution I m currently using is to check the userAgent on   document  ready to see if it s one of the offending browsers  If it is  follow these steps     Set the relevant heights to the current viewport height rather than  100     Store the current viewport horizontal value   Then  on   window  resize  only update the relevant height values if the new horizontal viewport dimension is different from it s initial value   Store the new horizontal  amp  vertical values   Optionally  you could also test permitting vertical resizes only when they are beyond the height of the address bar s      Oh  and the address bar does affect   window  height  See  Mobile Webkit browser  chrome  address bar changes   window  height    making background-size cover rescale every time  JS  quot Window quot  width-height vs  quot screen quot  width-height

User · Answer

I am using this workaround  Fix bg1 s height on page load by   var BG   document getElementById  bg1    BG style height   BG parentElement clientHeight    Then attach a resize event listener to Window which does this   if difference in height after resizing is less than 60px  anything more than url bar height  then do nothing and if it is greater than 60px then set bg1 s height again to its parent s height  complete code   window addEventListener  resize   onResize  false   var BG   document getElementById  bg1    BG style height   BG parentElement clientHeight  var oldH   BG parentElement clientHeight   function onResize         if Math abs oldH - BG parentElement clientHeight   gt  60         BG style height   BG parentElement clientHeight    px         oldH   BG parentElement clientHeight            PS  This bug is so irritating

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I ve got a similar issue on a header of our website   html  body       height 100      header       height 100       This will end up in a jumpy scrolling experience on android chrome  because the  header-container will rescale after the url-bar hides and the finger is removed from screen   CSS-Solution   Adding the following two lines  will prevent that the url-bar hides and vertical scrolling is still possible   html       overflow  hidden    body       overflow-y  scroll      -webkit-overflow-scrolling touch

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For those who would like to listen to the actual inner height and vertical scroll of the window while the Chrome mobile browser is transition the URL bar from shown to hidden and vice versa  the only solution that I found is to set an interval function  and measure the discrepancy of the window innerHeight with its previous value   This introduces this code    x000D   x000D  var innerHeight   window innerHeight  x000D  window setInterval function    x000D    x000D    var newInnerHeight   window innerHeight  x000D    if  newInnerHeight     innerHeight  x000D      x000D      var newScrollY   window scrollY   newInnerHeight - innerHeight  x000D             do whatever you want with this new scrollY x000D      innerHeight   newInnerHeight  x000D      x000D     1000   60   x000D   x000D   x000D    I hope that this will be handy  Does anyone knows a better solution

User · Answer

Simple answer if your background allows  why not set background-size  to something just covering device width with media queries and use alongside the  after position  fixed  hack here   IE  background-size  901px  for any screens  lt 900px  Not perfect or responsive but worked a charm for me on mobile  lt 480px as i m using an abstract BG

[android] Background image jumps when address bar hides iOS/Android/Mobile Chrome

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